Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants
Intervention group | Control group | |
|---|---|---|
No. of participantsa | 136 | 125 |
Demographic variable | ||
Age in years, mean (SD) | 37.5 (5.6) | 38.5 (5.9) |
Ethnicity | ||
Sinhalese | 128 (94.1) | 124 (99.2) |
Tamil | 7 (5.2) | 1 (0.8) |
Muslim | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) |
Religion | ||
Buddhism | 125 (91.9) | 121 (96.8) |
Hindu | 6 (4.4) | 1 (0.8) |
Roman Catholic/Christian | 4 (2.9) | 3 (2.4) |
Islam | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) |
Education attainment | ||
Primary level (Grade 1–5) | 43 (31.6) | 28 (22.4) |
Junior high school | 72 (52.9) | 73 (58.4) |
High school or higher | 21 (15.4) | 24 (19.2) |
Household income | ||
≤ 40,000 Rp/month | 100 (73.5) | 84 (67.2) |
40,001–60,000 Rp/month | 24 (17.7) | 28 (22.4) |
≥ 60,001 Rp/month | 12 (8.8) | 13 (10.4) |
Occupation | ||
Housewife | 79 (58.1) | 74 (59.2) |
Employed | 57 (41.9) | 51 (40.8) |
History of diabetes | 14 (10.3) | 7 (5.6) |
History of hypertension | 8 (5.9) | 3 (2.4) |
History of dyslipidemia | 7 (5.2) | 3 (2.4) |
Outcome variable | ||
Weight in kg, mean (SD) | 56.4 (10.8) | 55.7 (9.2) |
Body mass index in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.4 (4.6) | 24.1 (3.9) |
Obesity level | ||
Lean (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) | 10 (7.4) | 10 (8.0) |
Normal (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 72 (52.9) | 68 (54.4) |
Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 40 (29.4) | 38 (30.4) |
Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 14 (10.3) | 9 (7.2) |
Dietary intake (>4 times/week) | ||
Green leafy vegetables | 98 (72.1) | 95 (76.0) |
Other vegetables | 115 (84.6) | 106 (84.8) |
Citrus fruits | 40 (29.4) | 37 (29.6) |
Yellow fruits | 50 (36.8) | 45 (36.0) |
Other fruits | 86 (63.2) | 74 (59.2) |
Whole grain product | 80 (58.8) | 74 (59.2) |
Pulse as main dish | 10 (7.4) | 12 (9.6) |
Deep fried foods | 10 (7.4) | 9 (7.2) |
Sugar-sweetened beverages | 11 (8.1) | 16 (12.8) |
Household purchase (/month) | ||
Oil (bottles, median, IQR) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) |
Sugar (kg, median, IQR) | 4 (3, 6) | 4 (2, 6) |
Biscuits (packets, median, IQR) | 5.5 (4, 16) | 6 (3, 16) |
Ice cream (litters, median, IQR) | 1 (0, 4) | 1 (1, 3) |
Physical activity | ||
Total (MET-min/week, median, IQR) | 4812 (1641, 9930) | 3360 (1343, 7089) |
Adequate (≥5359 MET-min/week) | 61 (46.6) | 42 (33.6) |
No. of daily steps (median, IQR) | 7163 (4930, 11179) | 6492 (4426, 8848) |