Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between energy intake and BMI z-score in European children

Table 4 Longitudinal effect of change in residual energy intake per year (Δresiduals EI, 1unit ~ 100 kcal) on ΔBMI z-score per year stratified by sex and baseline age group

	Boys		Girls		2- < 4 years		4- < 6 years		6- < 8 years		8- < 10 years		All
	(N = 1427)		(N = 1326)		(N = 481)		(N = 729)		(N = 1057)		(N = 486)		(N = 2753)
	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE
	99 % CI		99 % CI		99 % CI		99 % CI		99 % CI		99 % CI		99 % CI
Model 1	0.017	0.007	0.011	0.007	0.013	0.017	0.029	0.010	0.006	0.007	0.001	0.008	0.014	0.005
Model 1	-0.002 - 0.036		-0.006 - 0.029		-0.031 - 0.057		0.003 - 0.057		-0.013 - 0.025		-0.020 - 0.023		0.001 - 0.027
Model 2	0.0178	0.007	0.011	0.007	0.021	0.017	0.032	0.010	0.005	0.007	0.000	0.008	0.015	0.005
Model 2	-0.001 - 0.036		-0.006 - 0.028		-0.023 - 0.065		0.005 - 0.058		-0.014 - 0.024		-0.021 - 0.021		0.002 - 0.027
Model 3	0.015	0.008	0.006	0.008	0.024	0.020	0.027	0.012	0.003	0.009	-0.003	0.009	0.011	0.005
Model 3	-0.006 - 0.037		-0.014 - 0.025		-0.029 - 0.078		-0.003 - 0.058		-0.019 - 0.026		-0.028 - 0.022		-0.003 - 0.026

Model 1) is the crude model adjusted for BMI z-score and residual EI at baseline, country, age, sex, if not stratified by age/sex, respectively
Model 2) moreover includes maximum parental ISCED level, parental BMI and screen time
Model 3) moreover includes MVPA (subgroup analysis; N = 1, 933)
(Models stratified by sex are not adjusted for sex)
ß _EI Estimate for EI, SE Standard Error, 99 % CI 99 % Confidence Interval

ISSN: 1479-5868