| Quality score | Study design | Sample size | Geographic area | PA measurement | Environment | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Cross-sectional | Longitudinal | n ≤ 150 | 150 < n ≤ 500 | 500 < n ≤ 1000 | n > 1000 | North America | Europe | Australia | Asia | Parental report | Children’s report | Observation | Parental report | Children’s report | GIS/census | Audit data | School principal’s report |
Aarts et al. [64] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Alton et al. [65] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â |
Braza et al. [32] | 72.7 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Bringolf-Isler et al. [66] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â |
Carson et al. [16] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Carver et al. [79] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Carver et al. [31] | 95.5 | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Chillon et al. [33] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â |
Christiansen et al. [67] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â |
Curreiro et al. [34] | 81.8 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | x | x | x | Â |
Cutumisu et al. [35] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â |
de Vries et al. [15] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â |
DeWeese et al. [36] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
D’Haese et al. [68] | 95.5 | x |  |  |  | x |  |  | x |  |  | x |  |  | x |  |  |  |  |
D'Haese et al. [69] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Ducheyne et al. [70] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Durand et al. [37] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Frank et al. [38] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Gallimore et al. [39] | 68.2 | x | Â | ? | ? | ? | ? | x | Â | Â | Â | ? | ? | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â |
Giles-Corti et al. [80] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
He [40] | 81.8 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Hsu and Saphores, [41] | 81.8 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | ? | ? | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hume et al. [30] | 95.5 | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Johansson [71] | 77.3 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â |
Kemperman and Timmermans [72] | 81.8 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Kerr et al. [42] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Kytta et al. [73] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Larouche et al. [44] | 68.2 | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â |
Larouche et al. [43] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x |
Larsen et al. [45] | 77.3 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | x | x | x | Â |
Lee et al. [46] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Leslie et al. [81] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â |
Lin & Chang [89] | 72.7 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â |
Lin & Yu [88] | 77.3 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Loucaides et al. [74] | 81.8 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â |
Martin et al. [47] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â |
McDonald [48] | 77.3 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
McDonald [49] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
McDonald [50] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
McMillan [51] | 81.8 | x | Â | ? | ? | ? | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â |
Merom et al. [82] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mitra et al. [54] | 81.8 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Mitra and Buliung [53] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Mitra and Buliung [52] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Noland et al. [55] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Napier et al. [56] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Oluyomi et al. [57] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â |
Pabayo et al. [28] | 95.5 | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Page et al. [75] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â |
Panter et al. [77] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â |
Panter et al. [76] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | x | x | Â | x | x | x | Â | Â |
Panter et al. [29] | 95.5 | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | x | x | Â | Â |
Rodriguez and Vogt [58] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â |
Rosenberg et al. [23] | 90.9 | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Rossen et al. [59] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â |
Rothman et al. [60] | 81.8 | x | Â | ? | ? | ? | ? | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | x | Â |
Salmon et al. [83] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Steinbach et al. [78] | 77.3 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Su et al. [61] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â |
Timperio et al. [84] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â |
Timperio et al. [85] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | x | Â | Â | x | x | x | Â | Â |
Trapp et al. [86] | 90.9 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | x | x | x | Â | Â |
Trapp et al. [87] | 95.5 | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | x | x | x | Â | Â |
Zhu et al. [62] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Zhu & Lee [63] | 86.4 | x | Â | Â | Â | Â | x | x | Â | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | x | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Total | Â | 61 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 18 | 26 | 35 | 17 | 11 | 2 | 40 | 26 | 1 | 32 | 19 | 32 | 11 | 1 |