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Table 3 Determinants of objectively measured total sedentary behaviour in children and direction and strength of association

From: A systematic review of determinants of sedentary behaviour in youth: a DEDIPAC-study

 

Related to sedentary behaviour

Unrelated to sedentary behaviour

Summary code1

Variables

Reference number

Direction of association

Reference number

n/N for row (%)2

Association (+/−)3

Individual variables: biological/genetic

 Gender

54b

-

 

1/1 (100 %)

-

 Age (older)

36b, 36g, 39b, 39g, 39, 39, 39, 39, 54b, 54g, 57b, 57g

+

15, 15

12/14 (86 %)

++

 Birth weight

  

29

0/1 (0 %)

0

 SES (high)

39, 39

+

 

2/2 (100 %)

+

Individual variables: psychological/behavioural

 Depressive symptoms

  

51b, 51g

0/2 (0 %)

0

Interpersonal variables: social

 Family influences

  Number of parents living at home

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Number of siblings

39

-

39

1/2 (50 %)

?

 Parental behaviour

  Paternal PA

39b

+

39g, 39, 39

1/4 (25 %)

0

  Paternal TV/computer use (weekdays)

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Paternal TV/computer use (weekend days)

39

+

39

1/2 (50 %)

?

  Maternal PA

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Maternal TV/computer use (weekdays)

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Maternal TV/computer use (weekend days)

39

+

39

1/2 (50 %)

?

 Family behaviour

  Going to the park as a family

39b

-

39g, 39

1/3 (33 %)

0

  Playing sports as a family

39b

-

39g, 39

1/3 (33 %)

0

  Visiting relatives as a family

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Reading as a family

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Watching TV as a family

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

 Rules and restrictions

  Bedtime rules

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Restriction for playing outside

39g

+

39b, 39

1/3 (33 %)

0

  Rules for playing after dark

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Indoor play rules

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Restriction for SB

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

 Parental perceptions

  Parents believe there is a high crime rate in their neighbourhood

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Parents consider stranger danger to be a concern

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Social network

  Social network score

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Social trust and cohesion score

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Ostracism (social support)

46, 46, 46, 46

+

 

4/4 (100 %)

+

Environmental variables

 Home

  Shared bedroom

39

-

39

1/2 (50 %)

?

  Electronic games at home

39

-

39

1/2 (50 %)

?

  Active games instead of traditional electronic games

56

-

56, 56, 56

1/4 (25 %)

0

  Removal of traditional electronic games

56

-

56, 56, 56

1/4 (25 %)

0

  Electronic equipment in the bedroom

39, 39

-

38, 38

2/4 (50 %)

?

  Computer in the bedroom

  

38, 38, 38

0/3 (0 %)

0

  TV in the bedroom

  

38, 38, 38

0/3 (0 %)

0

Neighbourhood

  Urbanisation

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Area-level deprivation

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Living in a cul-de-sac

  

39, 39, 52

0/3 (0 %)

0

  Neighbourhood play rules

  

39, 39

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Parents are satisfied with quality of parks and playgrounds in their neighbourhood

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Distance to closest public open space from home

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Closest park: area of closest park to home

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Closest park: number of recreational facilities

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Closest park: number of playgrounds

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Closest park: number of amenities

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Closest park: walking paths

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Closest park: cycling paths

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Closest park: lighting along paths

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Closest park: trees providing shade

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Closest park: water feature

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Closest park: signage regarding dogs

  

52

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Safety of walking/jogging in the neighbourhood

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Walkers/bikers on the streets can be easily seen by people at home

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Much crime in the neighbourhood

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Good lighting in the streets

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Much traffic, difficulties to walk

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Children frequently play outdoors

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Many interesting things to look at in the neighbourhood

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Many places to go within easy walking distance of home

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Sidewalks on most of the streets

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Bicycle/walking trails

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Easy access to 14 specified facilities (e.g. basketball court)

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Difficulties to get home from after-school activity at school

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Difficulties to get to an after school activity not at school

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Difficulties to get home from an activity someplace else

  

45g

0/1 (0 %)

0

 School

  Location town fringe

  

34, 34

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Location village/hamlet dwelling (urban)

34

+

34

1/2 (50 %)

?

  School size (number of pupils in year 4)

34

-

34

1/2 (50 %)

?

  School ground supportiveness for PA

  

34, 34

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Aesthetics score

  

34, 34

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Playground area

  

34, 34

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Playground density

37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37

+

37, 37, 37

7/10 (70 %)

+

  Existence of a bike rack

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Existence of an entrance for pedestrians/cyclists only

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Walking access supportiveness for PA

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Cycling access supportiveness for PA

34

-

 

1/1 (100 %)

-

  Existence of gym facility

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Existence of indoor sports facility

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Existence of sports field/pitch facility

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Existence of pool facility

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Existence of changing facilities

34

+

 

1/1 (100 %)

+

  Existence of play equipment

34

+

 

1/1 (100 %)

+

  Existence of sports equipment

34

+

 

1/1 (100 %)

+

  Use of local park or playground

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Medium or high quality of sports facilities

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Physical activity facility supportiveness for PA

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Other facility supportiveness for PA

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 School neighbourhood

  Existence of heavy traffic

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Proportion of A-roads

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Number of traffic accidents per km of road

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Existence of pathways near school

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Existence of safe places to cross roads

34

-

 

1/1 (100 %)

-

  Cars drive slowly

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Streets are safe to walk or ride

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Easy to get to school by foot

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Number of PA facilities per km2

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  m2 verge per m of road

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Percentage of accessible land

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Effective walkable area ratio

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Connected node ratio

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Herfindahl-hirschman index (diversity of land uses in the school neighbourhood to measure environmental supportiveness)

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

  Streets are free from rubbish

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Time

  Specific day of the week

  

54b, 54g

0/2 (0 %)

0

  Time of the day (school time vs out of school time (reference))

54b, 54g

-

 

2/2 (100 %)

-

Policy variables: industry

 Advertisement

  

58

0/1 (0 %)

0

Policy variables: government

 Participation in healthy school programme

  

34, 34

0/2 (0 %)

0

 Provision of PA information

  

34, 34

0/2 (0 %)

0

 Provision of health promotion information

34

+

34

1/2 (50 %)

?

 Provision of risks of unhealthy lifestyle information

  

34, 34

0/2 (0 %)

0

 Hours of physical education

34

+

 

1/1 (100 %)

+

 Extracurricular PA before school

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Extracurricular PA during lunch breaks

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Extracurricular PA during weekends

34

-

 

1/1 (100 %)

-

 Duration of morning break (>15 minutes)

34

-

 

1/1 (100 %)

-

 Duration of lunch break

34

-

 

1/1 (100 %)

-

 Breaks: allowed to play outside in bad weather

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Breaks: screenplay allowed

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Breaks: >2 PA allowed

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Existence of breakfast club

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Existence of lollypop person (e.g. crossing guard)

34

-

 

1/1 (100 %)

-

 Existence of park and stride

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Existence of travel plan

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Existence of walking bus

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Provision of cycle training

  

34

0/1 (0 %)

0

 Provision of pedestrian training

34

+

 

1/1 (100 %)

+

  1. SB sedentary behaviour, SES socio-economic status
  2. 1Summary code is an overall summary of the findings for each variable separately
  3. 2 n = Number of analyses that support the direction of the association; N = number of analyses that have investigated and reported on possible associations between the variable and sedentary behaviour
  4. 3Shows the direction of the individual/summary association
  5. Subgroup analyses: bonly in boys; gonly in girls; other subgroup analyses are listed but are not specified