Changes in mode of travel to work: a natural experimental study of new transport infrastructure

Heinen, Eva; Panter, Jenna; Mackett, Roger; Ogilvie, David

doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0239-8

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 1 Summary of participant characteristics, baseline travel behaviour and exposure to intervention

From: Changes in mode of travel to work: a natural experimental study of new transport infrastructure

		All participants at wave 1				Analysis sample (valid wave 1 and wave 4)				Participants in wave 1, but not wave 4 (drop-out)^a
		n	%	mean	st.d.	n	%	mean	st.d.	n	%	mean	st.d.
Distance from home to busway (km)		1155		6.6	7.8	466		6.5	7.9	659		6.7	7.7
Proximity to busway (-√km)		1155		−2.2	1.4	466		−2.1	1.4	659		−2.2	1.4
Commute distance (km)		1158		11.1	9.4	469		10.9	9.4	659		11.4	9.5
Change in commute distance (km)						450		0.2	4.9
Change in travel time to work by public transport (min)						443		−0.1	11.1
Change in proximity to busway (km)						450		0.2	4.9
Moved home	No					359	76.4
	Yes					111	23.6
Moved workplace	No					357	76
	Yes					113	24
Gender	Male	367	31.5			157	33.4			205	30.9
	Female	797	68.5			313	66.6			459	69.1
Age	≤30	197	17			58	12.4			135	20.4
	31–40	327	28.2			111	23.7			207	31.3
	41–50	305	26.3			139	29.6			160	24.2
	51–60	246	21.2			122	26			114	17.2
	61+	85	7.3			39	8.3			46	6.95
Education level	Degree	837	72.3			350	74.6			471	71.4
	Less than degree	321	27.7			119	25.4			189	28.6
Housing tenure	Not owner	319	27.5			103	22			204	30.9
	Owner	840	72.5			365	78			457	69.1
Driving licence	No	113	9.7			37	7.9			72	10.9
	Yes	1049	90.3			432	92.1			591	89.1
Access to a bicycle	No	182	15.7			63	13.5			191	28.8
	Yes	974	84.3			404	86.51			473	71.2
Children in household	No	820	70.5			324	68.9			473	71.2
	Yes	344	29.6			146	31.1			191	28.8
New child in household	No					444	94.5
	Yes					26	5.5
Physical health (PCS-8)		1156		53.7	6.3	468		53.9	6.3	658		53.6	6.4
Mental health (MCS-8)		1156		50.6	8.1	468		51.7	7.1	658		49.9	8.6
Limiting health condition	No	1040	89.7			429	91.7			582	88.1
	Yes	119	10.3			39	8.3			79	12
Difficulty walking	No	1143	98.5			464	98.9			651	98.3
	Yes	18	1.6			5	1.1			11	1.7
Type of settlement	Urban (>10,000)	767	66			316	67.4			427	64.3
	Town & Fringe	226	19.4			80	17.1			144	21.7
	Village, Hamlet & Isolated Dwellings	170	14.6			73	15.6			93	14.0
Car parking at work	No	371	32.3			151	32.4			208	31.8
	Yes, paid	351	30.6			143	30.7			201	30.7
	Yes, free	427	37.2			172	36.9			245	37.5
Change in car parking at work from parking to no parking	No					405	86.2
	Yes					65	13.8
Car ownership	No car	175	15.0			57	12.1			112	16.9
	One car	525	45.1			225	47.9			287	43.2
	Two or more cars	464	39.9			188	40.0			265	39.9
Baseline proportion of trips involving any active travel^b		1141		0.67	0.43	467		0.69	0.42	648		0.65	0.44
Baseline proportion of trips involving any public transport^b		1141		0.15	0.32	467		0.15	0.32	648		0.14	0.32
Baseline proportion of trips made entirely by car^b		1141		0.27	0.4	467		0.24	0.38	648		0.29	0.42
Baseline number of commute trips^c		1164		9.2	2.8	470		9.3	2.6	664		9.2	2.8

^aSignificant differences were found between the analysis sample and those excluded owing to dropout or other exclusion criteria in age, housing tenure, MCS-8, presence of a limiting health condition, and baseline car commute share
^bIf no trips had been made, the mode share was coded as missing
^cIncluding reports of zero trips where these were deemed to be true zeroes rather than missing values

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ISSN: 1479-5868

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