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Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of the samples by survey

From: Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and fruit and vegetable consumption: a seven countries comparison

 

SESAWa

New Zealand Health Survey

PHS Edmontonb

GLOBEc

HEPd

GGHBHAWe

NHS-LMAf

(N = 1535)

(N = 12147)

(N = 3189)

(N = 634)

(N = 919)

(N = 1747)

(N = 7665)

 

N (%) or Mean (SD) & Range

N (%) or Mean (SD) & Range

N (%) or Mean (SD) & Range

N (%) or Mean (SD) & Range

N (%) or Mean (SD) & Range

N (%) or Mean (SD) & Range

N (%) or Mean (SD) & Range

Response variables

       

Fruit intake

       

≥2 serves/day ǂ (all studies except NHS-LMA ǂǂ )

927 (60.4 %)

6634 (54.6 %)

1318 (41.3 %)

358 (56.5 %)

184 (21.2 %)

931 (53.3 %)

6888 (89.9 %)

Vegetable intake

       

≥3 serves/day † (all studies except NHS-LMA †† )

522 (34.0 %)

7996 (65.8 %)

862 (27.0 %)

138 (21.8 %)

186 (22.4 %)

440 (25.2 %)

6022 (78.6 %)

Key predictor variable

       

Neighbourhood SES

       

By individual

       

Low

468 (30.5 %)

7146 (58.8 %)

1093 (34.3 %)

283 (44.6 %)

298 (31.2 %)

871 (49.9 %)

2202 (28.7 %)

Medium

572 (37.3 %)

3353 (27.6 %)

1040 (32.6 %)

-

324 (33.8 %)

611 (35.0 %)

2837 (37.0 %)

High

495 (32.3 %)

1648 (13.6 %)

1056 (33.1 %)

351 (55.4 %)

297 (34.9 %)

265 (15.2 %)

2626 (34.3 %)

By neighbourhood

       

Low

15 (33.3 %)

623 (53.0 %)

75 (31.3 %)

7 (50.0 %)

23 (33.3 %)

65 (54.6 %)

47 (32.9 %)

Medium

15 (33.3 %)

355 (30.2 %)

65 (27.0 %)

-

19 (27.5 %)

35 (29.4 %)

48 (33.6 %)

High

15 (33.3 %)

197 (16.8 %)

101 (41.9 %)

7 (50.0 %)

27 (39.1 %)

19 (16.0 %)

48 (33.6 %)

Socio-demographic variables

       

Age (years)

41.7 (12.6)

46.4 (17.4)

43.6 (19.1)

52.2 (13.7)

46.3 (24.3)

52.2 (19.6)

48.5 (18.0)

 

18–66

18–97

18–93

25–75

25–96

18–99

18–96

Missing

54 (3.5 %)

0 (0.0 %)

28 (0.9 %)

0 (0.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)

18 (1.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)

Gender

       

Male

-

4704 (38.7 %)

1582 (49.6 %)

287 (45.3 %)

287 (47.7 %)

679 (38.9 %)

3565 (46.5 %)

Missing

 

0 (0.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)

2 (0.1 %)

0 (0.0 %)

BMI (kg/m2)

24.7 (5.5)

27.9 (6.3)

25.5 (4.7)

25.8 (4.2)

30.8 (6.1)

25.1 (4.4)

25.6 (4.2)

 

12.0–58.0

13.5–63.7

14.5–63.2

16.7–56.5

15.8–61.8

13.0–52.5

18.5–58.7

Missing

102 (6.6 %)

1187 (9.8 %)

115 (3.6 %)

5 (0.8 %)

0 (0.0 %)

44 (2.5 %)

0 (0.0 %)

BMI category

       

<20 kg/m 2

175 (11.4 %)

668 (5.5 %)

261 (8.2 %)

24 (3.8 %)

31 (3.8 %)

144 (8.2 %)

399 (5.2 %)

20 - <25 kg/m 2

680 (44.3 %)

3293 (27.1 %)

1354 (42.5 %)

258 (40.7 %)

163 (17.3 %)

820 (46.9 %)

3392 (44.3 %)

25 - <30 kg/m 2

335 (21.8 %)

3634 (29.9 %)

1023 (32.1 %)

262 (41.3 %)

271 (31.1 %)

537 (30.7 %)

2821 (36.8 %)

≥30 kg/m 2

243 (15.8 %)

3365 (27.7 %)

436 (13.7 %)

85 (13.4 %)

454 (47.9 %)

202 (11.6 %)

1053 (13.7 %)

Missing

102 (6.6 %)

1187 (9.8 %)

115 (3.6 %)

5 (0.8 %)

0 (0.0 %)

44 (2.5 %)

0 (0.0 %)

Education level

       

Low

350 (22.8 %)

3476 (28.6 %)

438 (13.7 %)

300 (47.3 %)

328 (37.0 %)

1078 (61.7 %)

5564 (72.6 %)

Medium

602 (39.2 %)

5421 (44.6 %)

1922 (60.3 %)

156 (24.6 %)

512 (54.7 %)

310 (17.7 %)

1034 (13.5 %)

High

548 (35.7 %)

3244 (26.7 %)

819 (25.7 %)

178 (28.1 %)

79 (8.3 %)

340 (19.5 %)

1062 (13.9 %)

Missing

35 (2.3 %)

6 (0.1 %)

10 (0.3 %)

0 (0.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)

19 (1.1 %)

5 (0.1 %)

  1. *Sample sizes omitting those with missing fruit and vegetable consumption and neighbourhood SES
  2. ǂGLOBE: ≥250 g/day; ǂǂ Portugal: any fruit yesterday- yes. † GLOBE: ≥200 g/day; †† Portugal: any vegetables yesterday- yes
  3. aSESAW = SocioEconomic Status and Activity in Women study. bPHS Edmonton = Edmonton Population Health Survey. cGLOBE = Health and Living Conditions of the Population of Eindhoven study. dHEP = Healthy Environments Partnership study. eGGHBHAW = Greater Glasgow Health Board Health and Wellbeing survey.fNHS-LMA = National Health Survey for the Lisbon Metropolitan Area