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Table 5 The mediating (indirect) effects of self-determined motivation in the relationship between psychological need satisfaction and exercise across gender and age group

From: Need satisfaction, motivational regulations and exercise: moderation and mediation effects

Bootstrap results for indirect effects

Indirect effects

Men aβ (95 % CI)

Women aβ (95 % CI)

Younger (18–45) aβ (95 % CI)

Older (46–78) aβ (95 % CI)

Full sample aβ (95 % CI)

Controlled motivation

−1.91* (−6.83–−0.37)

0.12 (−0.44–0.58)

−0.16 (−1.09–0.37)

−0.59 (−3.73–0.22)

0.29 (−0.44–1.03)

Autonomous motivation

4.30* (1.60–6.49)

5.60* (4.31–6.90)

7.28* (4.25–10.14)*

3.98* (2.30–5.66)

2.35* (0.99–3.71)

Amotivation

0.71* (0.10–2.27)

0.45 (−0.09–0.99)

0.71 (−0.29–1.81)

0.43 (−0.40–1.45)

0.49* (0.06–0.92)

External regulation

−2.27* (−7.60–−0.50)

0.16 (−0.28–0.57)

−0.13 (−1.07–0.44)

−0.49 (−2.89–0.26)

−0.39 (−1.40–0.11)

Introjected regulation

1.48* (0.35–4.26)

−0.10 (−0.53–0.26)

−0.10 (−1.00–0.20)

−0.05 (−0.91–0.18)

−0.09 (−0.38–0.02)

Identified regulation

2.95 (−5.94–7.69)

2.72* (1.57–3.93)

3.06 (−0.24–7.56)

2.57 (−0.41–4.79)

2.70* (1.05–4.10)

Intrinsic motivation

3.17* (0.88–6.05)

1.39 (−0.11–2.83)

−0.82 (−4.94–3.07)

1.12 (−0.38–2.75)

1.83* (0.49–3.12)

  1. Note: αβ = product-of-coefficient estimate (95 % bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap CI based on 1000 bootstrap resamples); Controlled motivation = external regulation + introjected regulation); Autonomous motivation = identified regulation + intrinsic motivation; * p < .05