Are income-related differences in active travel associated with physical environmental characteristics? A multi-level ecological approach

Table 2 Odds ratios for the likelihood of trips of interest (0.1 to 5 miles) being made by active means in the middle and highest income groups, relative to the lowest income group, stratified by environmental deprivation

	Groups of environmental deprivation
	MEDIx^ -2/-1			MEDIx 0				MEDIx +1				MEDIx +2/+3
	(least deprived)											(most deprived)
	OR	95% CI		OR		95% CI		OR		95% CI		OR		95% CI
Unadjusted models
Less than £25,000	1.00			1.00				1.00				1.00
£25,000 to £49,999	0.60	0.45	0.81	0.79		0.63	0.98	0.68		0.58	0.81	0.53		0.39	0.71
£50,000 and over	0.32	0.18	0.56	0.66		0.48	0.90	0.51		0.40	0.64	0.43		0.29	0.62
Adjusted for individual variables & contextual covariates
Less than £25,000	1.00				1.00				1.00				1.00
£25,000 to £49,999	0.97	0.60	1.56		0.92	0.73	1.17		0.81	0.67	0.99		0.68	0.48	0.95
£50,000 and over	0.44	0.22	0.89		0.87	0.62	1.21		0.62	0.48	0.81		0.57	0.36	0.89

Bold = significant at p < 0.01; italics = significant at p < 0.05.
^Multiple Environmental Deprivation Index, capturing small-area exposure to multiple health-related environmental characteristics including air pollution, proximity to industry, cold climate, green space and UVB.

ISSN: 1479-5868