Table 3 Scoring methods for summarizing the evidence

4.5

Peer-reviewed, systematic review paper (including meta-analysis)

4

Peer-reviewed, non-systematic review paper (from scientific literature) or non-peer-reviewed review paper (from gray literature)

3.5

Any (singular) peer-reviewed study

3

Any (singular) non peer-reviewed study, such as a technical report from a government agency or academic center

2

Non-analytic studies (for example, case reports, case series, simulations) or advocacy report without a clear literature review

1

Expert opinion, formal consensus

Score

Direction of association

+

A favorable association was found between feature and co-benefit (feature was associated with “better” level of co-benefit

-

An unfavorable association was found between feature and co-benefit (feature was associated with “worse” level of co-benefit

0 (zero)

No association or inconsistent evidence was found between feature and co-benefit