From: Parental correlates in child and adolescent physical activity: a meta-analysis
Study, country | Sample (number, gender, mean age) | Design | Parental support measure | Child physical activity measure | Results | Corrected effect size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beets et al. (2007) [142] USA | N = 259 | CS | Child report | Child self-report | Girls’ MVPA & paternal support: β = −.09 | -.11 |
All female | Parental support – aggregated measure (encouragement, co-activity, transportation, watch, praise) | .70* | Girls’ MVPA & maternal support: β = .25 | .32 | ||
15.5 yrs | Mother α = .85 | |||||
Father α = .91 | ||||||
Brunet et al. (2014) [143] Canada | N = 558 | CS | Child report | Accelerometer (7 d) | Girls’ MVPA & paternal support: r = .24, p < .001 (normal weight) | .28 |
306 m, 252 f | Parental support – aggregated measure (co-activity, watch, transportation, encouragement, inform) | .80* | Girls’ MVPA & paternal support: r = .20 | .19 | ||
9.6 yrs | α = .77 | Mean r = .22 | ||||
Girls’ MVPA & maternal support: r = .10 | ||||||
ICC = .81 | Girls’ MVPA & maternal support: r = .20 (normal weight) | |||||
Mean r = .15 | ||||||
Butcher et al. (1983) [144] Canada | N = 696 | CS | Self-report | Child self-report | Girls’ PA & maternal support: r = .21 | .30 |
All female | Parental support | .70* | ||||
11.0-16.0 yrs | .70* | |||||
Butcher (1985) [145] Canada | N = 140 | PRO | Child report | Child self-report | Girls’ PA (structured PA outside of school) & paternal support: r = .36, p < .01 | .51 |
All female | (5 yrs) | Parental support | .70* | Girls’ PA (structured PA outside of school) & maternal support: r = .27, p < .01 | .39 | |
Followed from age 11.0 to 15.0 yrs | .70* | |||||
Davison et al. (2003) [94] USA | N = 180 | CS | Parent report | Child self-report | Girls’ PA & paternal | .19 |
All females | Â | Logistic support | PA measure a composite score of CPA-short, an activity checklist, & PACER | logistic support: r = .14 | .28 | |
9.0 yrs | Mother α = .61 | .70* | Girls’ PA & maternal logistic support: r = .18, p < .05 | |||
Father α = .74 | ||||||
Hinkley et al. (2012) [100] Australia | N = 705 | CS | Parent report | Accelerometer (8 d) | Girls’ PA & paternal logistic support: OR = 1.01, 95% CI .99-1.03 | .01 |
366 m, 262 f | Logistic support .70* | .80* | ||||
4.5 yrs | ||||||
Kirby et al. (2011) [146] UK | N = 641 | PRO (5 yrs) | Child report | Child report | Girls’ PA & paternal support (yr 1): OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.13-3.60 (p < .05) | .34 |
313 m, 328 f | Parental support – aggregated measure (encouragement, transportation, watch, co-activity, praise) | PAQ-C | Girls’ PA & paternal support (yr 3): OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.32-3.70 (p < .05) | .37 | ||
Followed from age | .70* | .70* | Girls’ PA & paternal support (yr 5): OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.06-3.71 (p < .05) | |||
11-15 yrs | Mean r = .24 | Â | ||||
Girls’ PA & maternal support (yr 1): OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.41-4.50 (p < .05) | ||||||
Girls’ PA & maternal support (yr 3): OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.32-3.70 (p < .05) | ||||||
Girls’ PA & maternal support (yr 5): OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.54-3.58 | ||||||
Mean r = .26 | ||||||
Raudsepp (2006) [110] Estonia | N = 329 | CS | Parent report | 7DPAR | Girls’ MVPA & fathers’ logistic support: r = .32, p < .010 | .43 |
168 m, 161 f | Parental logistic support –aggregated measure (enrollment, financial support, transportation) | .70* | Girls’ MVPA & mothers’ logistic support: r = .22, p < .01 | .32 | ||
13.8 yrs | Father α = .78 | |||||
Mother α = .68 | ||||||
Stucky-Ropp & DiLorenzo (1993) [147] USA | N = 242 | CS | Parent report | Child self-reported | Girls’ PA & maternal support: r = .32 | .46 |
121 m, 121 f | Parental support – aggregated measure (encouragement, offers to exercise with child) | .70* | ||||
11.2 yrs | .70* (all respondents mothers) |