Methodological Criterion | Description | Score | n of studies | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Study design | Experimental study (e.g., Randomized control trial) | 4 | 1 | 2.6 |
Case control study | 3 | 1 | 2.6 | |
Longitudinal study | 2 | 1 | 2.6 | |
Cross-sectional study | 1 | 36 | 92.3 | |
Sample size | Large (>300) | 3 | 29 | 74.4 |
Medium (>100 and <300) | 2 | 8 | 20.5 | |
Small (<100) | 1 | 2 | 2.6 | |
Definition of ACS | Defined | 1 | 38 | 97.4 |
Not defined | 0 | 1 | 2.6 | |
Data analysis | More advanced statistics (e.g., mixed models) | 4 | 7 | 17.9 |
Regression/analysis of covariance | 3 | 26 | 66.7 | |
Bivariate statistics (e.g., ANOVA, Pearson r, t test) | 2 | 3 | 7.7 | |
Descriptive only (e.g., frequency) | 1 | 3 | 7.7 | |
Control variable(s) | Included | 1 | 22 | 56.4 |
Not included | 0 | 17 | 43.6 | |
Multicollinearity testing | Tested | 1 | 27 | 69.2 |
Not tested/not mentioned | 0 | 12 | 30.8 | |
Data reliability testing | Reported results, based on other & own data (including reported elsewhere) | 3 | 9 | 23.1 |
Reported results, based on own data (including reported elsewhere) | 2 | 9 | 23.1 | |
Reported results, based on other data | 1 | 6 | 15.4 | |
Not reported | 0 | 15 | 38.5 | |
Data validity testing | Reported metrics, based on other & own data | 3 | 0 | 0.0 |
Reported metrics, based on own data | 2 | 4 | 10.3 | |
Reported, based on other data | 1 | 6 | 15.4 | |
Not reported | 0 | 29 | 74.4 | |
Participant recruitment | Parent and child pair | 2 | 12 | 30.8 |
Parent, child or others (e.g., principals) | 1 | 27 | 69.2 | |
Participant characteristics | Reported (e.g., child age or grade) | 1 | 37 | 94.9 |
Not reported | 0 | 2 | 5.1 | |
School characteristics | Reported (e.g., size or composition), multiple locations | 2 | 26 | 66.7 |
Reported, single location | 1 | 2 | 5.1 | |
Not reported | 0 | 11 | 28.2 |