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Table 1 Reported risks and calculated point estimates at 11.25 MET. hours per week by study

From: Systematic review and meta-analysis of reduction in all-cause mortality from walking and cycling and shape of dose response relationship

Study - result

Reported exposure category

Conversion to MET. hours per week

Additional MET. hours per week

Reported risk

95% confidence interval

Point estimate at 11.25 MET. hours per week (extracted 95% CI)

Walking

Johnsen (2013) [16] - Men

Non-active

0

0

1

-

-

Active = 3 hours/week

12

12

1.01

0.91 to 1.13

1.01 (0.91 to 1.12)

Johnsen (2013) [16] - Women

Non-active

0

0

1

-

-

Active = 3 hours/week

12

12

0.92

0.80 to 1.06

0.93 (0.80 to 1.07)

Wang (2013) [26]

None

0

0

1

-

-

5-6 hours/week @ 3.3 METs

18.15

18.15

0.84

0.73 to 0.96

0.90 (0.79 to 1.03)

Sabia (2012) [17]

<3.5 hours/week

0

0

1

-

-

3.5-5.9 hours/week

12

12

0.83

0.63 to 1.08

-

6+ hours/week

22

22

0.81

0.61 to 1.07

0.89 (0.73 to 1.08)

Nagai (2011) [28] - Men

<1 hour/day

14

0

1

-

-

>1 hour/day

42

28

0.9

0.82 to 0.98

0.96 (0.88 to 1.05)

Nagai (2011) [28] - Women

<1 hour/day

14

0

1

-

-

>1 hour/day

42

28

0.95

0.82 to 1.10

0.98 (0.85 to 1.14)

Stamatakis (2009) [18] - Men

None

0

0

1

-

-

Med (2 sessions/week)

4

4

1.1

0.86 to 1.14

-

High (7 sessions/week)

14

14

0.91

0.73 to 1.13

0.95 (0.84 to 1.08)

Stamatakis (2009) [18] - Women

None

0

0

1

-

-

Med (2 sessions/week)

4

4

0.89

0.69 to 1.14

-

High (7 sessions/week)

14

14

0.92

0.72 to 1.18

0.92 (0.77 to 1.09)

Besson (2008) [32]

Non walker

0

0

1

-

-

Walk 0-90 min/week

3

3

0.96

0.80 to 1.15

-

Walk 90 min+/week

9

9

0.89

0.73 to 1.09

0.86 (0.78 to 0.95)

Matthews (2007) [27]

0-3.4 MET.hours/day

11.9

0

1

-

-

3.5-7 MET.hours/day

36.75

24.85

0.94

0.89 to 1.09

-

7.1-10 MET.hours/day

59.5

47.6

0.83

0.69 to 1.00

-

10+ MET.hours/day

81.2

69.3

0.86

0.71 to 1.05

0.97 (0.88 to 1.08)

Schnohr (2007) [19] - Men

<0.5 hours/day

7

0

1

-

-

0.5-1.0 hours/day

21

14

0.87

0.68 to 1.10

-

1.0-2.0 hours/day

42

35

0.95

0.75 to 1.21

-

2.0+ hours/day

70

63

0.89

0.69 to 1.14

0.98 (0.85 to 1.13)

Schnohr (2007) [19] - Women

<0.5 hours/day

7

0

1

-

-

0.5-1.0 hours/day

21

14

1.00

0.77 to 1.30

-

1.0-2.0 hours/day

42

35

1.04

0.80 to 1.36

-

2.0+ hours/day

70

63

0.8

0.59 to 1.10

0.98 (0.83 to 1.15)

Smith (2007) [22]

None

0

0

1

-

-

<1 mile/day

4.3

4.3

0.98

0.76 to 1.25

-

>1 mile/day

12.9

12.9

0.89

0.67 to 1.18

0.91 (0.75 to 1.10)

Lee (2000) [23]

<5 km/week

1.9

0

1

-

-

5 to 10 km/week

5.8

3.9

0.91

0.82 to 1.02

-

10 to 20 km/week

11.5

9.6

0.92

0.83 to 1.01

-

>20 km/week

19.2

17.3

0.84

0.75 to 0.94

0.89 (0.84 to 0.95)

Bath (1998) [20]

Less than 10 minutes/day

2.3

0

1

-

-

More than 10 minutes/day

7

4.7

0.75

0.63 to 0.82

0.40 (0.34 to 0.48)

Hakim (1998) [24]

Less than 0.5 hour

4.7

0

1

-

-

0.5-1.0 hour

14

9.3

0.66

0.47 to 0.91

-

More than 1 hour

46.7

42

0.55

0.37 to 0.83

0.87 (0.67 to 1.12)

Wannamethee (1998) [21]

0 min/day

0

0

1

-

-

0-20 min/day

4.7

4.7

1.15

0.73 to 1.79

-

21-40 min/day

14

14

1.06

0.75 to 1.50

-

41-60 min/day

23.3

23.3

0.97

0.65 to 1.46

-

60+ min/day

32.7

32.7

0.62

0.37 to 1.05

0.93 (0.75 to 1.15)

La Croix (1996) [25]

Less than 1 hour/week

2

0

1

-

-

1-4 hours/wee

10

8

0.83

0.53 to 1.29

-

More than 4 hours/week

22

20

0.91

0.58 to 1.42

0.92 (0.67 to 1.27)

Cycling

      

Johnsen (2013) [16] - Men

Non-active

0

0

1

-

-

Active = 2 hours/week

13.6

13.6

0.79

0.73 to 0.85

0.93 (0.87 to 0.99)

Johnsen (2013) [16] - Women

Non-active

0

0

1

-

-

Active = 2 hours/week

13.6

13.6

0.91

0.85 to 0.97

0.83 (0.77 to 0.89)

Sahlqvist (2013) [29]

0 min/week

0

0

1

-

-

1-59 min/week

3.4

3.4

0.96

0.78 to 1.17

-

60+ min/week

10.2

10.2

0.91

0.84 to 0.99

0.90 (0.87 to 0.94)

Andersen (2011) [30]

0

0

0

1

-

-

0-3 hours/week

10.2

10.2

0.78

0.69 to 0.88

-

3-7 hours/week

24

34

0.76

0.68 to 0.85

-

7+ hours/week

61.2

61.2

0.7

0.62 to 0.78

0.94 (0.88 to 1.00)

Schnohr (2010) [31]

15 min slow

7

0

1

-

-

15 min ave

11.9

4.9

0.67

0.49 to 0.92

-

15 min fast

17.5

10.5

0.54

0.31 to 0.94

-

45 min slow

21

14

0.87

0.57 to 1.33

-

45 min ave

35.7

28.7

0.7

0.51 to 0.95

-

45 min fast

52.5

45.5

0.44

0.28 to 0.69

-

75 min slow

35

28

0.85

0.53 to 1.35

-

75 min ave

59.5

52.5

0.71

0.52 to 0.57

-

75 min fast

87.5

80.5

0.68

0.46 to 1.01

0.93 (0.80 to 1.07)

Besson (2008) [32]

Non cyclist

0

0

1

-

-

0-30 min/week

1.7

1.7

1.02

0.77 to 1.35

-

30 + min/week

5.7

5.7

1.01

0.76 to 1.36

1.03 (0.84 to 1.26)

Matthews (2007) [27]

0 MET.hours/day

0

0

1

-

-

0.1-3.4 MET.hours/day

12.3

12.3

0.79

0.61 to 1.01

-

3.5+ MET.hours/day

36.1

36.1

0.66

0.40 to 1.07

0.88 (0.68 to 1.15)

Andersen (2000) [33]

No biking to work

0

0

1

-

-

Bike to work 3 hours/week

20.4

20.4

0.72

0.57 to 0.91

0.85 (0.67 to 1.07)