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Table 4 Associations of fast food outlet accessibility/availability measures with BMI z-score and waist circumference in sequentially adjusted models

From: Associations of built food environment with body mass index and waist circumference among youth with diabetes

Adiposity/ Fast food accessibility and availability measures

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

Estimated difference

95% CI

Estimated difference

95% CI

Estimated difference

95% CI

Estimated difference

95% CI

BMI z-score

        

Distance to nearest (miles)

0.032**

0.008, 0.056

0.029*

0.005, 0.052

0.027*

0.002, 0.053

0.052*

0.007, 0.098

Number in 1-mile buffer

−0.015

−0.041, 0.011

−0.013

−0.039, 0.013

−0.009

−0.036, 0.017

0.002

−0.027, 0.031

Density (number per sq. mile)

        

Lowest density (Quartile 1)

0.233*

0.048, 0.419

0.209*

0.024, 0.394

0.246*

0.027, 0.464

0.136

−0.115, 0.388

Quartile 2

0.188

−0.002, 0.378

0.169

−0.021, 0.359

0.200

−0.013, 0.414

0.122

−0.101, 0.346

Quartile 3

0.056

−0.123, 0.235

0.042

−0.137, 0.221

0.060

−0.122, 0.243

0.044

−0.141, 0.229

Highest density (Quartile 4)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Waist circumference

        

Distance to nearest (miles)

0.270

−0.030, 0.568

0.251

−0.044, 0.545

0.150

−0.162, 0.462

0.404

−0.054, 0.861

Number in 1-mile buffer

−0.128

−0.429, 0.173

−0.108

−0.410, 0.194

0.0001

−0.310, 0.310

0.047

−0.288, 0.383

Density (number per sq. mile)

        

Lowest density (Quartile 1)

2.437*

0.137, 4.737

2.297

−0.026, 4.620

1.905

−0.737, 4.548

0.423

−2.304, 3.151

Quartile 2

2.375*

0.143, 4.616

2.270*

0.008, 4.533

1.935

−0.596, 4.467

0.900

−1.576, 3.376

Quartile 3

0.520

−1.534, 2.575

0.375

−1.695, 2.445

0.184

−1.935, 2.303

0.051

−2.070, 2.171

Highest density (Quartile 4)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

  1. aadjusted for age at clinic visit, race/ethnicity, gender, cohort year, diabetes type, diabetes duration.
  2. bModel 1+ parental education.
  3. cModel 2+ population density.
  4. dModel 3+ supermarket accessibility/availability.
  5. p-value: * < 0.05, ** < 0.01.