Perceived neighborhood environmental attributes associated with adults’ transport-related walking and cycling: Findings from the USA, Australia and Belgium

Table 2 Associations of socio-demographic covariates with transport-related cycling and walking

Variables	Cycling (min/wk)			Walking (min/wk)
	exp(b)	exp (95% CI)	p	exp(b)	exp (95% CI)	p
Area-level household income (deciles)	0.959	0.922, 0.997	.033	0.980	0.957, 1.004	.106
Gender (Men vs. Women)	0.442	0.360, 0.543	<.001	0.963	0.892, 1.040	.339
Age (yrs)
Linear component	1.062	0.999, 1.130	.055	0.949	0.927, 0.971	<.001
Quadratic component	0.999	0.998, 1.000	.016	1.001	1.000, 1.001	<.001
Marital status (without vs. with partner)	0.873	0.704, 1.083	.218	0.899	0.829, 0.975	.010
Tertiary education (no vs. yes)	1.056	0.852, 1.308	.619	0.972	0.895, 1.057	.511
Holder of a driver’s license
(no vs. yes)	0.511	0.347, 0.753	<.001	0.579	.500, 0.671	<.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	0.953	0.935, 0.972	<.001	0.994	0.987, 1.002	.124
Study site (reference category: Ghent, Belgium)
Seattle, USA	0.203	0.147, 0.279	<.001	2.325	1.772, 3.051	<.001
Baltimore, USA	0.143	0.100, 0.204	<.001	2.604	1.979, 3.424	<.001
Adelaide, Australia	0.363	0.275, 0.478	<.001	2.703	2.150, 3.398	<.001

Note. Associations are adjusted for all other socio-demographic covariates. All regression models used a negative binomial variance function and a logarithmic link function. Exp(b) antilogarithm of regression coefficient; exp(95% CI) = antilogarithms of the 95% confidence intervals of the regression coefficient; p = probability value. The antilogarithms of the regression coefficients represent the proportional increase (if exp(b) > 1.00) or decrease (if exp(b)<1.00) in the outcome variables associated with a unit increase in an explanatory variable.

ISSN: 1479-5868