Table 1 Site-specific descriptive statistics for all outcome variables, socio-demographic covariates and explanatory variables
Seattle regions USA | Baltimore regions | Adelaide Australia | Ghent Belgium | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n=1,287) | USA (n=912) | (n=2650) | (n=1,165) | |
Site region characteristics a | ||||
Number of inhabitants | 1,931,249 | 5,773,552 | 1,289,265 | 248,269 |
Area (km2) | 5,506 | 25,210 | 1,827 | 156 |
Population density (inhabit/km2) | 351 | 229 | 706 | 1,589 |
Mean temperature January (°C) | 4.5 | 2.7 | 23.1 | 3.1 |
Mean temperature July (°C) | 18.4 | 27.6 | 11.4 | 17.7 |
Average precipitation/year (mm) | 944.6 | 1065.3 | 500.0 | 820.0 |
Area/neighborhood characteristics | ||||
Area level household income[mean (SD)] | USD 56,680 (19,912) | USD 59,930 (21,758) | USD 37,669 (12,826) | USD 55,240 (5,144) |
High walkable areas participants (%) | 50.6 | 49.2 | 48.6 | 50.0 |
High SES areas participants (%) | 51.3 | 52.5 | 52.2 | 50.5 |
Sample socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
Gender - % women | 45.1 | 52.3 | 63.7 | 52.0 |
Age [mean (SD)] | 44.0 (11.0) | 46.6 (10.7) | 44.5 (12.3) | 42.7 (12.6) |
Marital status - % with partner | 63.1 | 60.1 | 60.3 | 73.0 |
Education - % tertiary education | 63.0 | 67.2 | 45.5 | 60.3 |
Driver’s license - % with license | 95.6 | 94.4 | 89.2 | 90.2 |
Number of drivable vehicles[mean (SD)] | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.6 (1.1) |
Body mass index [mean (SD)] | 26.6 (5.5) | 27.2 (5.9) | 26.2 (5.9) | 24.3 (3.9) |
Physical activity variables [mean (SD)] | ||||
% doing any transport-related walking | 68.1 | 68.8 | 74.9 | 52.4 |
% doing any transport-related cycling | 9.0 | 6.6 | 11.2 | 43.4 |
Min/week of transport-related walking | 143.3 (205.9) | 154.2 (215.9) | 167.7 (216.8) | 63.1 (113.6) |
Min/week of transport-related cycling | 15.5 (71.9) | 22.0 (92.5) | 22.0 (92.5) | 77.5 (141.3) |
Min/week of other physical activity | 990.7 (817.5) | 1016.4 (863.0) | 1332.8 (950.1) | 661.1 (540.2) |
Perceived physical environmental attributes [mean (SD)] | ||||
Residential density | 140.5 (49.6) | 156.4 (58.2) | 143.5 (46.1) | 201.0 (79.8) |
Land use mix diversity – proximity of | ||||
destinations | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.1 (0.9) | 3.4 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.9) |
Land use mix diversity - # destinations | ||||
within 20min walk | 8.2 (2.8) | 7.5 (3.1) | 9.2 (3.1) | 7.2 (3.3) |
Land use mix access | 3.2 (0.8) | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.6) |
Not many cul-de-sacs | 2.8 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.2) | 2.8 (1.1) | 3.0 (0.8) |
Parking difficult near local shopping | ||||
area | 1.9 (1.0) | 1.8 (0.9) | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.5 (0.9) |
Not many barriers in neighborhood | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.7) |
Street connectivity | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.0 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.6) |
Proximity to transit stop | 3.4 (1.3) | 3.4 (1.3) | 3.8 (1.2) | 3.9 (1.7) |
Walking and cycling facilities | ||||
and cycling | 2.9 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.6) | 3.0 (0.5) | 2.7 (0.5) |
Aesthetics | 3.2 (0.7) | 3.2 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.6) |
Traffic safety | 3.4 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.1 (0.6) |
Crime safety | 3.4 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.1 (0.6) |