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Table 4 Mean component scores of food intake profiles at 48 months according to explanatory variables. Pelotas, Brazil, 2008

From: Food intake profiles of children aged 12, 24 and 48 months from the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort: an exploratory analysis using principal components

Variable

Staple

Mean

Milk

Mean

Snack

Mean

Beverage

Mean

Treats

Mean

Sibling living at home

0.004 (0.09)*

<0.001

<0.001

0.04 (0.1)*

0.007 (0.1)*

No

–6.88

10.91

–24.79

4.28

–5.63

Yes

6.09

–9.65

21.92

–3.78

4.98

Gender

0.2

0.6

0.2

0.003

0.03 (0.05)*

Male

2.54

1.04

–2.37

5.64

–4.02

Female

–2.76

–1.13

2.57

–6.12

4.36

Maternal age at birth

(years)

0.003 (0.07)*

0.03 (0.3)*

0.2

0.01 (0.08)*

<0.001

<20

14.02

–12.03

9.46

–8.83

18.96

20–29

–1.43

0.79

–1.84

–0.77

2.55

30–39

–3.61

4.40

–3.05

8.97

–16.50

40 or more

–28.70

19.49

–2.39

–12.65

–6.27

Wealth quintiles (IEN)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.005

<0.001

1st (poorest)

26.23

–43.03

57.68

–4.96

22.48

2nd

11.68

–9.40

14.46

–4.89

10.63

3rd

3.45

16.29

–10.80

–5.81

3.70

4th

–17.46

23.43

–31.68

4.72

–17.25

5th (richest)

–36.74

26.80

–51.03

14.31

–29.63

Maternal schooling

(complete years)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0–3

17.63

–53.46

81.55

–16.99

21.93

4–7

17.51

–23.19

29.02

–6.57

30.04

8–10

2.23

18.41

–5.35

–1.77

–6.42

11 or more

–24.35

22.58

–44.14

10.46

–30.12

Care outside the home

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

No

11.16

–10.24

19.37

–10.54

12.10

Yes

–17.42

16.00

–30.24

16.46

–19.00

Bottle-feeding

0.6

<0.001

0.02 (0.7)*

0.7

0.001 (0.06)*

At 3 and 12 months of age

1.37

5.83

1.58

0.52

4.71

At 3 months but not at 12 months of age

1.40

–70.64

20.45

–9.16

22.42

Not at 3 months but at 12 months of age

–4.40

6.32

–10.54

3.88

–10.58

Never

6.22

–42.00

2.83

–1.14

–7.02

Breast-feeding duration

0.02

<0.001

0.4

0.2

0.1

Up to 7 days

8.41

–7.52

–9.84

–15.58

10.61

8 days |–3 moths

9.22

14.91

4.87

3.22

7.00

3 |– 6 months

–12.07

10.41

–4.15

–2.60

–3.11

6 months or more

–0.43

–7.79

0.18

1.38

–2.53

Age started pacifier use (months)

0.5

<0.001

0.3

0.7

0.2

< 3 months

2.24

0.97

0.96

1.65

0.29

3 months or more

–3.56

18.97

–8.87

–3.27

–7.78

Never

–2.92

–8.92

0.58

1.18

3.57

Early introduction of solid foods (< 3 mo.-old)

0.04 (0.6)*

0.3

<0.001

0.6

<0.001

No

–2.45

1.13

–4.94

1.16

–3.39

Yes

10.80

–5.21

26.17

–1.76

23.26

  1. * P-values adjusted for wealth (IEN) were presented only when there was a loss of statistical significance after adjustment. IEN: indicador econĂ´mico nacional, or national wealth index.
  2. (N = 3,714).