Table 3 Methodological characteristics (assessment) of three key SDT-based intervention trials for PA promotion.
Descriptor | PAC Trial | Empower Trial | PESO Trial |
|---|---|---|---|
Main SDT components | - The PAC 7A's model of behavioural counseling steps [32] shared between HCP & PA counselor (autonomy-supportive) - First 4 A's (BPAC): Address, Ask, Advice, & Assess/Agree (with PA prescription). - Last 3 A's (IPAC): Assess, Assist, and Arrange. - IPAC: values interview b, PA goals (discuss, support, encourage), problem solving (barriers), enjoyment enhancement, discussing relapse & suggestions for maintenance. | - Autonomy supportive protocol for health counsellors [36]. - Individualized discussions: risk/benefits, integration of PA with life valuesb, perceptions of barriers/resources for change. - HFA: listening, parroting/paraphrasing, handling resistance, double sided reflection. b - Failure normalization & recalibration of implementation plans (HFA & patient together). - Targeting feelings during PA. - HFA support of patient internalisation of PA involvement. | - Promoting sense of ownership & an internal locus of causality: choice & self-initiation, congruence of values, life goals, lifestyles.b - Structure: safety, goals, PA monitoring, barriers, positive feedback (informational). - Provision of options and decisions for PA; encouraging enjoyment, self-initiation, & independent problem solving. -Exploration of participants' own motivations & goals. |
Main SDT outcomes | (i) Quantity of motivation; (ii) perceived competence; (iii) autonomous motivation; (iv) PA motivation/regulations; (v) perceptions of autonomy support (climate) | (i) PA motivation/regulations; (ii) perceptions of PA-based needs satisfaction (competence, autonomy, relatedness); (iii) perceptions of autonomy support (climate); | (i) Perceptions of need-support (climate); (ii) treatment & exercise autonomous regulations; (iii) PA participation motives; (iv) locus of causality; (v) perceived competence & enjoyment for PA. |
Main SDT-based measures | (i) graded approach;a (ii) per- ceived competence in exercise scale [45]; (iii) TSRQ [45]; | (i) BREQ-2 [44]; (ii) Psy-chological Needs in Exercise Scale [55]; (iii) HCCQ [45]. | (i) HCCQ [45]; (ii) Treatment and Exercise Self-Regulation Questionnaire [64, 65]; (iii) EMI-2 [66]; (iv) the Exercise Locus of Causality scale [67]; (v) Intrinsic Motivation Inventory [68]. |
Assessment time points | BPAC & IPAC: Baseline, 6-, 13-, 19-, & 25-weeks | Control/intervention: Baseline, 3- & 6-months | Control/intervention: baseline, 4- months, 1-, 2-, & 3-year |