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Table 6 Adjusted* Odds Ratios^ with 95% Confidence Intervals for Combined Perceived Safety and Police-Recorded Crime with Physical Activity: The Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

From: Associations of adult physical activity with perceived safety and police-recorded crime: the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Perceived Safety / Police Recorded

n

%

Transport Walking**

Leisure Walking**

Measure of Crime

Tertile 2 vs. 1

Tertile 3 vs. 1

Tertile 2 vs. 1

Tertile 3 vs. 1

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Incivilities (total)

   1 or 2 - very safe/lowest tertile

98

12.3

1.98 (0.97,4.02)

1.56 (0.81,3.03)

1.10 (0.49,2.47)

1.01 (0.50,2.03)

   Other

628

78.9

1.04 (0.62,1.75)

1.21 (0.74,1.97)

1.20 (0.63,2.26)

1.23 (0.70,2.16)

   4 or 5 -not safe/highest tertile

70

8.8

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Incivilities (outdoor)

   1 or 2 - very safe/lowest tertiles

128

16.1

2.42 (1.18,4.98)

2.19 (1.15,4.16)

1.04 (0.49,2.21)

1.41 (0.69,2.91)

   Other

601

75.5

1.18 (0.69,2.01)

1.33 (0.82,2.14)

1.04 (0.55,1.95)

1.17 (0.67,2.04)

   4 or 5 -not safe/highest tertiles

67

8.4

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Criminal offenses (total)

   1 or 2 - very safe/lowest tertile

128

16.1

1.95 (1.03,3.70)

1.61 (0.89,2.88)

0.77 (0.36,1.65)

0.91 (0.43,1.89)

   Other

598

75.1

1.11 (0.65,1.87)

1.42 (0.90,2.27)

0.85 (0.47,1.53)

0.79 (0.42,1.46)

   4 or 5 - not safe/highest tertile

70

8.8

    

Criminal offenses (outdoor)

   1 or 2 - very safe/lowest tertiles

129

16.2

1.68 (0.82,3.46)

1.46 (0.80,2.65)

0.78 (0.37,1.66)

0.77 (0.36,1.62)

   Other

593

74.5

1.03 (0.63,1.67)

1.26 (0.80,1.98)

0.86 (0.48,1.54)

0.81 (0.45,1.45)

   4 or 5 - not safe/highest tertiles

74

9.3

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Safety: Homcide (total)

   1 or 2 - very safe/lowest tertile

253

31.8

1.01 (0.45,2.27)

1.67 (0.85,3.26)

1.24 (0.47,3.25)

1.34 (0.65,2.79)

   Other

520

65.3

0.83 (0.36,1.90)

1.33 (0.68,2.60)

1.28 (0.49,3.34)

1.07 (0.47,2.43)

   4 or 5 - not safe/highest tertile

23

2.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  1. ^ Adjusted for clustering using 2000 census block groups by applying generalized estimating equations.
  2. *All associations control for age (45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84), gender, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Chinese American), education (high school or less, college, graduate school), income (<35 k, 35 k- < 75 k, 75 k- < 100 k, > = 100 k), working status (yes or no), sidewalk presence in neighborhood (yes or no), length of residence in neighborhood (continuous), and distance to nearest public transportation (continuous).
  3. **Cutpoints of categorized physical activity outcomes in minutes/week:
  4. Transport walking: (1) <150, (2) 150- < 420, (3) > =420.
  5. Leisure walking: (1) <35, (2) 35- < 210, (3) > =210.
  6. Note: associations with outdoor homicides could not be conducted due to small cell sizes.