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Table 1 Unadjusted means, standard deviations, ranges of lesson proportions (%) / mean differences ( MD ), p values and Cohen’s d values for student activity levels, lesson contexts, and teacher interactions at baseline and follow-up

From: Changes in physical activity levels, lesson context, and teacher interaction during physical education in culturally and linguistically diverse Australian schools

   Category

Percentage of lesson (n = 81)

Percentage of lesson (n = 51)

Change from baseline to follow-up

Baseline (2008)

Follow-up (2009)

M

SD

Range

M

SD

Range

MD*

p value**

Cohen’s d ***

Student Activity

Lying down

0.2

0.6

0.0 - 4.4

0.2

1.1

0.0 - 8.0

0.0

p = .818

d = 0.00

Sitting

25.5

16.4

0.0 – 67.3

31.7

24.1

0.0 - 100

6.2

p = .503

d = 0.30

Standing

17.5

11.0

1.1 – 45.6

16.3

10.5

0.0 - 43.6

-1.2

p = .563

d = -0.11

Walking

36.1

14.4

5.6 – 74.5

39.1

18.5

0.0 - 84.4

3.0

p = .117

d = 0.18

Very active

20.8

11.1

2.1 – 57.1

12.9

12.7

0.0 - 62.9

-7.9

p = .009

d = -0.66

MVPA^

56.9

18.7

22.2 – 96.3

52.1

24.1

0.0 – 97.9

-4.8

p = .777

d = -0.22

Lesson Context

Management

30.8

13.2

3.6 – 67.2

22.3

10.7

0.6 – 49.4

-8.5

p < .001

d = -0.71

Knowledge

9.5

8.1

0.0 – 44.4

14.2

24.3

0.0 – 96.8

4.7

p = .242

d = 0.26

Fitness

7.1

11.4

0.0 – 71.7

10.6

18.1

0.0 – 86.3

3.5

p = .191

d = 0.23

Skill practice

6.2

10.9

0.0 – 44.8

5.2

14.6

0.0 – 75.8

-1.0

p = .644

d = -0.08

Game play

43.5

24.2

0.0 – 94.6

46.6

28.0

0.0 – 99.4

3.1

p = .199

d = 0.12

Other (free play)

2.8

5.0

0.0 – 27.2

1.3

3.4

0.0 – 14.6

-1.5

p = .408

d = -0.35

Teacher Interaction

Promotion of PA

30.8

19.4

0.0 – 89.4

10.1

8.2

0.0 – 30.3

-20.7

p < .001

d = -1.39

No promotion of PA

68.9

19.4

10.6 – 100

89.7

8.6

65.6 - 100

20.8

p < .001

d = 1.39

 

Baseline (2008)

Follow-up (2009)

       

Mean of usable PE class time# in minutes (Range)

59 (19–110)

59 (29–88)

       

Number of lessons with

         

>50% MVPA (%)

49 (60.5)

32 (62.7)

       

>25% Skills practice (%)

8 (9.9)

4 (7.8)

       

>35% Promotion PA (%)

27 (33.3)

0 (0)

       
  1. *Mean Difference based on test of within-subjects contrast; **p value represents statistical significance based on test of within-subjects contrast; *** Cohen’s d = M Follow-up– M Baseline/ SD pooled, ^ MVPA is the sum of the walking and very active categories; # Usable PE class time defined as when 51% of students arrive in the instruction area to when 51% of students depart instruction area.