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Table 5 Association between neighbourhood walkability and ≥ 60 mins/week of walking (transport, recreation and total) using different computations of land use mix

From: How important is the land use mix measure in understanding walking behaviour? Results from the RESIDE study

 

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

Model 5e

WI Quartile

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Transport walking ≥ 60 min/week:

          

Low

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Med-Low

1.32 (0.91,1.90)

0.143

1.42 (0.98,2.05)

0.064

1.40 (0.97,2.02)

0.071

0.77 (0.53,1.13)

0.184

1.31 (0.91,1.89)

0.151

Med-High

1.06 (0.72,1.54)

0.779

1.00 (0.68,1.48)

0.984

1.29 (0.89,1.87)

0.187

1.25 (0.88,1.78)

0.204

1.29 (0.89,1.86)

0.181

High

2.02 (1.43,2.87)

< 0.01

2.24 (1.58,3.18)

< 0.01

1.78 (1.25,2.55)

< 0.01

1.47 (1.05,2.07)

0.026

1.77 (1.24,2.52)

< 0.01

Trend (quartiles)

1.23 (1.10,1.37)

< 0.01

1.25 (1.12,1.40)

< 0.01

1.18 (1.05,1.32)

< 0.01

1.18 (1.06,1.32)

< 0.01

1.19 (1.06,1.33)

< 0.01

Trend (z-score)

1.11 (1.06,1.17)

< 0.01

1.12 (1.06,1.18)

< 0.01

1.11 (1.05,1.17)

< 0.01

1.11 (1.05,1.17)

< 0.01

1.10 (1.04,1.16)

< 0.01

Residential density (z-score)*

1.03 (0.91,1.17)

0.635

1.03 (0.90,1.17)

0.689

1.05 (0.93,1.19)

0.438

1.05 (0.93,1.19)

0.432

1.06 (0.94,1.20)

0.352

Connectivity (z-score)*

1.22 (1.07,1.39)

< 0.01

1.22 (1.07,1.39)

< 0.01

1.21 (1.07,1.38)

< 0.01

1.21 (1.06,1.38)

< 0.01

1.21 (1.06,1.38)

< 0.01

Land use mix (z-score)*

1.12 (0.99,1.28)

0.068

1.14 (1.01,1.29)

0.037

1.07 (0.95,1.21)

0.282

1.09 (0.97,1.24)

0.156

1.04 (0.92,1.18)

0.537

Recreation walking ≥ 60 min/week:

          

Low

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Med-Low

0.91 (0.70,1.19)

0.502

0.91 (0.69,1.19)

0.472

0.98 (0.75,1.28)

0.866

0.96 (0.73,1.26)

0.757

0.86 (0.66,1.13)

0.285

Med-High

0.86 (0.66,1.13)

0.278

0.85 (0.65,1.11)

0.241

0.99 (0.75,1.30)

0.937

1.09 (0.83,1.42)

0.540

1.03 (0.78,1.34)

0.849

High

1.10 (0.84,1.44)

0.482

1.12 (0.86,1.46)

0.412

1.29 (0.99,1.69)

0.062

1.29 (0.98,1.68)

0.065

1.24 (0.95,1.63)

0.110

Trend (quartiles)

1.02 (0.94,1.11)

0.591

1.03 (0.94,1.12)

0.525

1.08 (0.99,1.18)

0.071

1.09 (1.00,1.19)

0.041

1.09 (1.00,1.18)

0.054

Trend (z-score)

1.02 (0.97,1.06)

0.496

1.01 (0.97,1.06)

0.529

1.02 (0.98,1.07)

0.309

1.04 (0.99,1.09)

0.085

1.03 (0.98,1.07)

0.254

Residential density (z-score)*

1.03 (0.93,1.15)

0.560

1.03 (0.93,1.15)

0.539

1.02 (0.92,1.14)

0.689

1.01 (0.91,1.12)

0.850

1.02 (0.92,1.13)

0.708

Connectivity (z-score)*

1.03 (0.93,1.14)

0.594

1.03 (0.93,1.14)

0.595

1.03 (0.93,1.14)

0.610

1.02 (0.92,1.13)

0.684

1.02 (0.92,1.14)

0.648

Land use mix (z-score)*

0.98 (0.89,1.08)

0.708

0.98 (0.88,1.08)

0.625

1.02 (0.92,1.13)

0.696

1.10 (1.00,1.21)

0.054

1.03 (0.94,1.14)

0.509

Total walking ≥ 60 min/week:

          

Low

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Med-Low

0.96 (0.74,1.25)

0.774

1.00 (0.77,1.30)

0.991

1.14 (0.87,1.48)

0.347

0.92 (0.70,1.20)

0.530

0.94 (0.72,1.23)

0.651

Med-High

0.94 (0.72,1.22)

0.625

0.92 (0.71,1.20)

0.544

1.07 (0.82,1.40)

0.604

1.08 (0.83,1.41)

0.556

1.03 (0.79,1.34)

0.828

High

1.35 (1.04,1.77)

0.026

1.38 (1.05,1.79)

0.019

1.48 (1.14,1.94)

< 0.01

1.36 (1.05,1.78)

0.022

1.39 (1.06,1.81)

0.016

Trend (quartiles)

1.09 (1.00,1.19)

0.041

1.09 (1.00,1.19)

0.043

1.12 (1.03,1.22)

< 0.01

1.12 (1.03,1.21)

0.011

1.11 (1.02,1.21)

0.012

Trend (z-score)

1.06 (1.01,1.11)

0.011

1.06 (1.01,1.11)

0.011

1.06 (1.01,1.11)

0.010

1.08 (1.03,1.13)

< 0.01

1.06 (1.01,1.11)

0.011

Residential density (z-score)*

1.04 (0.93,1.15)

0.525

1.04 (0.93,1.15)

0.524

1.04 (0.93,1.16)

0.476

1.04 (0.93,1.15)

0.526

1.04 (0.94,1.16)

0.422

Connectivity (z-score)*

1.08 (0.97,1.20)

0.156

1.08 (0.97,1.20)

0.154

1.07 (0.97,1.19)

0.174

1.07 (0.96,1.19)

0.204

1.07 (0.97,1.19)

0.197

Land use mix (z-score)*

1.07 (0.97,1.18)

0.202

1.07 (0.97,1.18)

0.202

1.07 (0.97,1.18)

0.179

1.13 (1.03,1.25)

0.011

1.06 (0.96,1.17)

0.230

  1. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; *Denotes multivariate association; a Model 1 = Residential+Retail+Office+Health, welfare & community; b Model 2 = Model 1+Entertainment, culture & recreation; c Model 3 = Model 2+Public Open Space, Sporting infrastructure & Primary and rural; d Model 4 = Model 3+Unclassified land; e Model 5 = Residential+Retail+Health, welfare & community+Entertainment, culture & recreation+Public open space, Sporting infrastructure & Primary and rural. All models adjusted for gender, age, education level, marital status and presence of children at home.