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Table 4 Association between neighbourhood walkability and any (> 0 mins/week) walking (transport, recreation and total) using different computations of land use mix

From: How important is the land use mix measure in understanding walking behaviour? Results from the RESIDE study

 

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

Model 5e

WI Quartile

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Do any transport walking (> 0 mins/week):

          

Low

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Med-Low

1.34 (1.01,1.78)

0.040

1.49 (1.13,1.98)

< 0.01

1.37 (1.04,1.82)

0.028

1.15 (0.87,1.51)

0.333

1.42 (1.08,1.88)

0.014

Med-High

1.26 (0.95,1.67)

0.112

1.26 (0.94,1.67)

0.117

1.33 (1.00,1.76)

0.051

0.98 (0.74,1.29)

0.875

1.26 (0.95,1.67)

0.109

High

1.81 (1.37,2.39)

< 0.01

1.96 (1.48,2.59)

< 0.01

1.58 (1.20,2.09)

< 0.01

1.28 (0.97,1.68)

0.078

1.53 (1.16,2.03)

< 0.01

Trend (quartiles)

1.19 (1.09,1.30)

< 0.01

1.20 (1.10,1.31)

< 0.01

1.14 (1.05,1.25)

< 0.01

1.06 (0.97,1.16)

0.183

1.12 (1.03,1.22)

0.011

Trend (z-score)

1.12 (1.07,1.18)

< 0.01

1.13 (1.08,1.18)

< 0.01

1.10 (1.05,1.16)

< 0.01

1.09 (1.04,1.14)

< 0.01

1.10 (1.05,1.15)

< 0.01

Residential density (z-score)*

1.10 (0.99,1.24)

0.080

1.10 (0.98,1.23)

0.092

1.14 (1.02,1.27)

0.023

1.15 (1.03,1.28)

0.012

1.14 (1.02,1.27)

0.019

Connectivity (z-score)*

1.14 (1.03,1.27)

0.014

1.15 (1.03,1.28)

0.014

1.14 (1.03,1.27)

0.016

1.15 (1.03,1.28)

0.013

1.14 (1.02,1.27)

0.017

Land use mix (z-score)*

1.13 (1.02,1.25)

0.021

1.15 (1.03,1.27)

0.010

1.03 (0.93,1.14)

0.575

0.97 (0.88,1.07)

0.541

1.02 (0.92,1.13)

0.726

Do any recreational walking (> 0 mins/week):

          

Low

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Med-Low

0.92 (0.71,1.20)

0.543

0.99 (0.76,1.29)

0.935

1.04 (0.80,1.36)

0.771

0.84 (0.65,1.10)

0.203

0.88 (0.67,1.14)

0.336

Med-High

0.94 (0.72,1.23)

0.648

0.97 (0.74,1.26)

0.808

1.05 (0.81,1.37)

0.713

1.01 (0.78,1.32)

0.922

1.00 (0.77,1.30)

0.995

High

1.15 (0.88,1.50)

0.319

1.17 (0.89,1.52)

0.263

1.36 (1.04,1.78)

0.024

1.25 (0.96,1.64)

0.101

1.29 (0.99,1.69)

0.061

Trend (quartiles)

1.04 (0.96,1.14)

0.323

1.04 (0.96,1.14)

0.314

1.10 (1.01,1.19)

0.030

1.09 (1.00,1.18)

0.049

1.09 (1.01,1.19)

0.038

Trend (z-score)

1.02 (0.98,1.07)

0.294

1.02 (0.98,1.07)

0.343

1.03 (0.98,1.07)

0.231

1.04 (1.00,1.09)

0.062

1.03 (0.98,1.07)

0.216

Residential density (z-score)*

0.99 (0.89,1.11)

0.893

1.00 (0.89,1.11)

0.943

0.99 (0.89,1.10)

0.868

0.98 (0.88,1.09)

0.741

0.99 (0.89,1.10)

0.890

Connectivity (z-score)*

1.06 (0.95,1.17)

0.301

1.06 (0.95,1.17)

0.300

1.05 (0.95,1.17)

0.319

1.05 (0.95,1.16)

0.367

1.05 (0.95,1.17)

0.347

Land use mix (z-score)*

1.03 (0.93,1.13)

0.599

1.02 (0.92,1.12)

0.765

1.04 (0.94,1.15)

0.415

1.12 (1.01,1.23)

0.025

1.04 (0.95,1.15)

0.387

Do any walking at all (> 0 mins/week):

          

Low

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Med-Low

0.96 (0.73, 1.26)

0.765

1.04 (0.80,1.37)

0.759

1.08 (0.83,1.42)

0.571

0.91 (0.69,1.19)

0.491

1.07 (0.82,1.40)

0.618

Med-High

1.00 (0.76, 1.32)

0.980

1.05 (0.80,1.37)

0.738

1.10 (0.84,1.44)

0.506

0.93 (0.71,1.23)

0.625

1.03 (0.79,1.35)

0.832

High

1.28 (0.97, 1.69)

0.078

1.33 (1.01,1.75)

0.043

1.35 (1.03,1.78)

0.032

1.20 (0.91,1.59)

0.187

1.34 (1.02,1.76)

0.038

Trend (quartiles)

1.08 (0.99, 1.18)

0.080

1.09 (1.00,1.19)

0.056

1.10 (1.00,1.19)

0.040

1.06 (0.97,1.15)

0.197

1.09 (1.00,1.18)

0.063

Trend (z-score)

1.06 (1.01, 1.11)

0.010

1.06 (1.01,1.11)

0.011

1.06 (1.01,1.11)

0.017

1.07 (1.02,1.12)

< 0.01

1.06 (1.01,1.11)

0.022

Residential density (z-score)*

1.03 (0.92,1.16)

0.567

1.04 (0.92,1.16)

0.550

1.05 (0.93,1.18)

0.424

1.05 (0.94,1.18)

0.404

1.05 (0.94,1.18)

0.368

Connectivity (z-score)*

1.06 (0.95,1.18)

0.278

1.06 (0.95,1.18)

0.273

1.06 (0.95,1.18)

0.307

1.06 (0.95,1.18)

0.328

1.05 (0.95,1.17)

0.338

Land use mix (z-score)*

1.10 (0.99,1.22)

0.069

1.10 (0.99,1.22)

0.083

1.07 (0.97,1.19)

0.183

1.10 (0.99,1.21)

0.067

1.06 (0.96,1.17)

0.265

  1. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; *Denotes multivariate association; a Model 1 = Residential+Retail+Office+Health, welfare & community; b Model 2 = Model 1+Entertainment, culture & recreation; c Model 3 = Model 2+Public Open Space, Sporting infrastructure & Primary and rural; d Model 4 = Model 3+Unclassified land; e Model 5 = Residential+Retail+Health, welfare & community+Entertainment, culture & recreation+Public open space, Sporting infrastructure & Primary and rural. All models adjusted for gender, age, education level, marital status and presence of children at home.