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Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of dietary behaviors, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle associated with overweight among Pakistani primary school children (n = 1860)

From: Dietary behaviors, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle associated with overweight and obesity, and their socio-demographic correlates, among Pakistani primary school children

 

Overweight, including obese (n = 316)

Characteristics

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

Diet-related factors

  

   Breakfast

  

   Usually eat

Ref.

Ref.

   Does not eat

2.00 (1.35-2.94)‡

1.82 (1.22-2.71)‡

   Fast food and snacks

  

   < once/week

Ref.

Ref.

   1-2 times/week

1.43 (1.09-1.88)‡

1.41 (1.07-1.86)*

   ≥ 3 times/week

1.58 (1.12-2.24)*

1.56 (1.09-2.24)*

Activity-related factors

  

   Physical activityb

  

   ≤ 2 times/week

Ref.

Ref.

   > 2 times - 4 times/week

0.51 (0.36-0.74)†

0.49 (0.34-0.70)†

   > 4 times - 7 times/week

0.74 (0.56-0.97)*

0.71 (0.54-0.94)*

   Sedentary lifestylec

  

   ≤ 1 hour/day

Ref.

Ref.

   > 1 hour - 3 hours/day

1.55 (1.20-2.01)‡

1.56 (1.19-2.03)‡

   > 3 hours - 6 hours/day

1.80 (1.21-2.68)‡

1.69 (1.12-2.56)*

  1. † P < 0.001, ‡P < 0.01, *P < 0.05
  2. aThe model is controlled for age and gender
  3. bPhysical activity included running or jogging, cycling, housework or yard work, and sports involving physical movement (see details in methods)
  4. cSedentary lifestyle included television viewing, working on computer and playing video games