Correlates of time spent walking and cycling to and from work: baseline results from the commuting and health in Cambridge study

Table 2 Multiple regression models for the odds of spending any time walking to work

	Model A OR (95% CI) p	Model B1 OR (95% CI) p	Model B2 OR (95% CI) p
Individual and household characteristics
Gender (reference: male)
Female	1.85 (1.36-2.51) 0.001	1.81 (1.33-2.47) 0.001	1.82 (1.32-2.51) 0.001
Driving licence (reference: no)
Yes	0.38 (0.25-0.60) 0.001	0.41 (0.26- 0.65) 0.001	0.47 (0.29-0.76) 0.001
Car access × Distance (reference: access to a car, lives ≥ 3 km from work)
Owns a car, lives < 3 km from work	1.99 (1.25-3.19) 0.003	2.00 (1.22-3.29) 0.006	1.54 (0.93-2.56) 0.113
No car, lives ≥ 3 km from work	1.07 (0.67-1.70) 0.757	0.98 (0.60-1.59) 0.942	0.86 (0.52-1.38) 0.740
No car, lives < 3 km from work	3.39 (1.86-6.17) 0.001	3.21 (1.71-6.02) 0.001	2.31 (1.24-4.29) 0.001
Psychological measures of car use
Intention score (reference: low intention)
Mid intention score	-	n.i	-
High intention score
Attitude score (reference: low attitude)
Mid attitude score	_	1.07 (0.72-1.58) 0.712	_
High attitude score		1.46 (0.98-2.16) 0.050
PBC score (reference: low PBC)
Mid PBC score	-	0.82 (0.57-1.20) 0.322	-
High PBC score		0.53 (0.34-0.83) 0.006
Social norm score (reference: low social norm)
Mid social norm score	-	n.i	-
High social norm score
Habit score (reference: low habits)
High habit score	-	n.i	-
Perceptions of the route environment ^a
It is pleasant to walk	-	-	4.18 (3.02-5.78) 0.001
There is convenient public transport	-	-	1.46 (1.10-1.96) 0.010
There is little traffic	-	-	0.38 (0.21-0.68) 0.001
There are no convenient routes for walking	-	-	n.i
It is safe to cross the road	-	-	n.i
Urban-rural Status (reference: urban)
Rural	-	-	n.i

CI confidence intervals; p p-value; PBC Perceived behavioural control; - not entered into the model, n.i not included; ^a the reference category is strongly disagree, disagree or neither disagree nor agree.

ISSN: 1479-5868