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Table 4 Differences between environments rated by the expert panel and commuting participants at test and retest

From: The active commuting route environment scale (ACRES): development and evaluation

 

Expert panel

(n = 22-24)

Commuting participants

(n = 43-44)

Difference

commuters - experts

Item

Mean ± SD

Test

mean ± SD

Retest

mean ± SD

t-test

p-value

Test-retest

mean ± SD*

Mean ± SEd**

t-test

p-value

1. On the whole

-0.92 ± 3.55

-1.65 ± 2.86

-1.77 ± 2.74

0.771

-1.71 ± 2.48

-0.79 ± 0.82

0.339

2. Hinders or stimulates

-1.17 ± 3.02

-1.25 ± 2.76

-1.09 ± 2.36

0.671

-1.17 ± 2.25

0.00 ± 0.65

0.995

3. Exhaust fumes

2.54 ± 2.67

2.07 ± 3.02

2.45 ± 3.58

0.396

2.26 ± 2.96

-0.28 ± 0.73

0.701

4. Noise

2.04 ± 2.44

1.48 ± 3.39

1.39 ± 3.43

0.815

1.43 ± 3.16

-0.61 ± 0.77

0.428

5. Flow of motor vehicles

2.78 ± 2.81

2.30 ± 3.43

2.50 ± 3.95

0.623

2.40 ± 3.43

-0.38 ± 0.83

0.646

6. Speeds of motor vehicles

-1.52 ± 2.39

-0.45 ± 1.78

0.02 ± 3.34

0.371

-0.22 ± 2.03

1.31 ± 0.56

0.022

7. Speeds of bicyclists

-1.25 ± 3.07

-0.40 ± 2.00

-0.07 ± 2.13

0.212

-0.23 ± 1.89

1.02 ± 0.60

0.097

8. Congestion: all types of vehicles

4.00 ± 3.19

4.04 ± 3.63

3.89 ± 3.64

0.731

3.97 ± 3.30

-0.03 ± 0.82

0.967

9. Congestion: bicyclists

5.25 ± 3.07

4.30 ± 3.91

3.27 ± 3.64

0.017

3.78 ± 3.52

-1.47 ± 0.86

0.091

10. Conflicts

3.54 ± 2.47

4.21 ± 3.98

2.63 ± 2.95

0.006

3.42 ± 3.00

-0.12 ± 0.72

0.865

11. Bicycle paths†

-0.38 ± 2.02

-0.86 ± 2.89

-0.58 ± 3.32

0.493

-0.72 ± 2.82

-0.35 ± 0.65

0.598

12. Traffic: unsafe or safe

-3.04 ± 2.38

-3.18 ± 3.46

-2.59 ± 3.10

0.223

-2.89 ± 2.88

0.16 ± 0.70

0.823

13. Greenery

-4.25 ± 3.18

-3.39 ± 4.00

-2.61 ± 3.69

0.103

-3.00 ± 3.52

1.25 ± 0.86

0.153

14. Ugly or beautiful

2.79 ± 3.80

1.04 ± 3.78

0.95 ± 3.29

0.808

1.00 ± 3.32

-1.79 ± 0.89

0.047

15. Course of the route

0.67 ± 3.89

2.43 ± 3.77

1.75 ± 3.42

0.112

2.09 ± 3.32

1.42 ± 0.90

0.116

16. Hilliness

-1.71 ± 2.69

-1.61 ± 4.07

-1.14 ± 2.98

0.329

-1.38 ± 3.18

0.33 ± 0.77

0.665

17. Red lights

2.50 ± 3.28

4.00 ± 4.03

2.98 ± 3.53

0.041

3.49 ± 3.44

0.99 ± 0.86

0.256

18. Short or long‡

-

-0.14 ± 3.17

0.20 ± 2.59

0.387

-

-

-

  1. *Test and retest scores combined to give a test-retest mean. For further explanation, see the text.
  2. **SEd stands for standard error of difference.
  3. †Minimal value = 0, and maximal value = 10.
  4. ‡Not assessed by the expert panel.