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Table 1 Characteristics of participants categorized by their level of awareness (N = 632)

From: A cross-sectional study of awareness of physical activity: associations with personal, behavioral and psychosocial factors

 

Realistic active (RA)

Realistic inactive (RI)

Overestimators (OE)

Underestimators (UE)

Differences a

N

273 (43.2%)

124 (19.6%)

197 (31.2%)

38 (6.1%)

 

Gender (%male)b

54.2

57.3

56.3

52.6

-

Age (mean, SD)c

56.3 (9.7)

55.1 (9.0)

57.9 (8.1)

51.8 (8.0)

RA>UE (p < 0.05)

OE>RI, UE (all: p < 0.05)

Level of educationb

    

-

   Lower

38.8

35.2

29.1

44.1

 

   Middle

44.6

39.3

43.9

38.2

 

   High

16.5

25.4

27.0

17.6

 

Work/education statusb

    

-

   No work

50.8

55.4

52.4

35.1

 

   Part time

22.7

17.4

18.3

29.7

 

   Full time

26.5

27.3

29.3

35.1

 

Smokers (% current)b

17.0

31.1

20.9

21.6

RI>RA, OE (all: p < 0.05)

MVPA (min/wk)c

     

   mean (SD)

836 (639)

127 (179)

228 (230)

720 (499)

RI<RA, UE (all: p < 0.001)

   Median

630

60

180

645

OE<RA, UE (all: p < 0.001)

Anthropometry measures

   Waist (cm)c

97.4 (11.9)

102.0 (13.0)

95.9 (13.2)

99.1 (12.2)

RI>OE, RA (all: p < 0.01)

   BMI (kg/m2)c

29.0 (4.6)

30.0 (5.1)

27.9 (4.4)

28.9 (3.9)

RI>OE (p < 0.01)

   Weight (kg)c

85.1 (15.3)

88.2 (16.5)

82.5 (16.5)

86.6 (17.4)

RI>OE (p = 0.02)

  1. Values are means and standard deviations (SD) for continuous variables and percentages within awareness groups for dichotomous and categorical variables. SD: standard deviation; MVPA (min/wk): minutes per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity; BMI: body mass index
  2. a: all statistically significant differences between groups are reported; -: no differences observed.;
  3. b: tested with Chi-square;
  4. c: tested with Analyses of CoVariance (ANCOVA) using Bonforoni posthoc analyses, adjusted for physical activity intervention, measurement intervention and total minutes of at least moderate intensity physical activity per week (except for outcome measure minutes of physical activity).