Educational outcomes associated with childhood obesity in the United States: cross-sectional results from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health

Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses of BMI and selected educational outcomes among the sample

	School Absences
	Model Ia			Model IIb			Model IIIc
BMI	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value
Overweight (85th to <95th percentile)	0.97	0.76-1.23	0.783	0.98	0.76-1.27	0.882	0.94	0.72-1.22	0.628
Obese (≥95th percentile)	1.69	1.36-2.11	<0.001	1.67	1.29-2.16	<0.001	1.49	1.13-1.96	0.005
	School Problems
	Model I			Model II			Model III
BMI	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value
Overweight (85th to <95th percentile)	1.42	1.24-1.62	<0.001	1.24	1.08-1.43	0.002	1.22	1.06-1.40	0.006
Obese (≥95th percentile)	1.58	1.38-1.80	<0.001	1.21	1.05-1.40	0.007	1.17	1.01-1.35	0.031
	Grade Repeated
	Model I			Model II			Model III
BMI	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value
Overweight (85th to <95th percentile)	1.24	1.01-1.52	0.037	1.01	0.81-1.25	0.946	1.01	0.81-1.25	0.959
Obese (≥95th percentile)	1.48	1.24-1.76	<0.001	0.97	0.80-1.17	0.720	0.94	0.78-1.14	0.548
	Low School Engagement
	Model I			Model II			Model III
BMI	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value
Overweight (85th to <95th percentile)	1.20	1.05-1.39	0.044	1.10	0.95-1.28	0.215	1.10	0.94-1.28	0.222
Obese (≥95th percentile)	1.49	1.30-1.71	0.261	1.21	1.04-1.41	0.014	1.18	1.02-1.38	0.032

Notes: OR = odds ratio. CI = confidence interval. Reference category for BMI is non-overweight (<85th percentile).
a. Model I: unadjusted for the other covariates.
b. Model II: adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics including age, gender, race/ethnicity, household composition, place of residence, parental education, and household poverty level.
c. Model III: fully adjusted for all sociodemographic and intervening variables, including overall health status and healthcare visits. The full models for repeated grade and school engagement exclude healthcare visits.

ISSN: 1479-5868