Author | Study type | N | Location | Outcomes studied | Confounding considered? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Owner | Owner PA | ||||
Oka and Shibata, 2012 [27] | Cross-sectional survey | 930 adult DO | Japan | DW yes/no | Yes |
Rohlf et al., 2012 [23] | Cross-sectional survey (non-significant variables in model unknown) | 1016 adult DO | Australia | Dog exercise frequency | Yes |
Rhodes et al., 2012 [41] | Randomised Controlled Trial | 58 inactive DO adults | Canada | DW min/week and pedometer step count | Yes |
Degeling et al., 2012 [40] | Cross-sectional survey | 241 DO | Canada | DW frequency, achieving 150 m/week | Yes |
Arnberger and Eder, 2012 [52] | Cross-sectional survey of visitors | 330 visitors | Austria | Perceptions of parks and coping behaviours | No |
Ioja et al., 2011 [56] | Park observation and visitor perception survey | 5240 DO and NDO adults | Romania | Frequency and length of visits plus perceptions of parks | No |
Heuberger and Wakshlag, 2011 [36] | Cross-sectional survey | 318 DO adults | USA | Dogs activity, owner’s exercise | No |
McCormack et al., 2011 [58] | Cross-sectional survey | 506 DO adults | Canada | DW yes/no, DW frequency | Yes |
Scheibeck et al., 2011 [60] | Qualitative interview | 23 elderly DO | Austria | DW frequency and distance | No |
Hoerster et al., 2011 [26] | Cross-sectional survey (some non-significant variables unknown) | 984 adult DO | USA | DW yes/no | Yes |
Christian et al., 2010 [25] | Cross-sectional survey | 483 adult DW | Australia | Regular/irregular DW | Yes |
Rohlf et al., 2010 [43] | Cross-sectional survey of exercise intentions (non-significant variables in model unknown) | 182 adult DO | Australia | Dog exercise intentions, dog exercise amount (frequency and duration) | Yes |
Westgarth et al., 2009 [34] | Cross-sectional survey | 224 DO households | UK | Number of areas visited on dog walks | No |
Lee et al., 2009 [57] | ‘Dog park’ observation and user perception survey ‘Dog park’ observation and user perception survey | 267 DO who use dog parks | USA | Perceptions of dog park use | No |
Coleman et al., 2008 [59] | Cross-sectional survey | 2199 adult DO and NDO | USA | DW yes/no | No |
Cutt et al., 2008a [16] | Qualitative focus groups | 51 adult DO | Australia | Barriers and motivators to DW | No |
Knight and Edwards, 2008 [47] | Qualitative focus groups | 65 adult DW | UK | Exploring aspects of DO and DW | No |
Cutt et al., 2008b [24] | Cross-sectional survey | 629 adult DO | Australia | DW yes/no | Yes |
Thorpe et al., 2006 [83] | Cross-sectional survey | 394 DO | USA | DW yes/no | No |
Ham and Epping, 2006 [101] | Cross-sectional survey | 1282 DW youth and adults | USA | DW frequency and duration | No |
Brown and Rhodes, 2006 [42] | Cross-sectional survey | 351 adult NDO and DO | Canada | Walk frequency and duration | No |
Schofield et al., 2005 [102] | Cross-sectional survey | 1237 adult NDO and DO | Australia | Walking for leisure | No |
Suminski et al., 2005 [48] | Cross-sectional survey | 474 adult NDO and DO | USA | DW yes/no | Yes |
Carver et al., 2005 [49] | Cross-sectional survey (non-significant variables not presented) | 347 adolescents | Australia | DW yes/no weekends | Yes |
Arnberger and Hinterberger, 2003 [51] | Observations of park use and cross-sectional survey | 140 DW 420 NDW interviewed | Austria | Frequency and duration of park visit | No |
Dog | Dog PA | ||||
Westgarth et al., 2008 [35] | Cross-sectional survey | 279 dogs | UK | Walk frequency and duration | No |
Tami et al., 2008 [37] | Cross-sectional survey | 181 dogs (Argentine Dogos) | Italy | Daily walk duration | No |
Masters and McGreevy, 2008 [103] | Cross-sectional survey (non-significant findings not presented) | 690 dogs | Australia | Walk frequency | No |
Robertson, 2003 [20] | Cross-sectional survey | 860 dogs | Australia | Land exercise yes/no | No |
Kobelt et al., 2003 [39] | Cross-sectional survey | 254 dogs | Australia | Walk frequency | No |
Podberscek and Serpell, 1997 [38] | Cross-sectional survey | 435 dogs (English Cocker Spaniels) | UK | Frequency and duration of walks/exercise | No |