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Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies (n = 18)

From: Determinants of exercise adherence and maintenance among cancer survivors: a systematic review

First author, year

Cancer diagnosis

Study population (number of patients (n); mean age ± SD; %female)

Study design

Exercise intervention

Outcome measures adherence or maintenance

Adherence/maintenance (% or mean ± SD)

Pretreatment

      

Peddle, 2009 [39]

Lung cancer

n = 19; 64 ± 10y; 68% female

Single-group trial

AET 5 times a week for the duration of surgical wait time (range 4–13 weeks)

Percentage of the prescribed number of sessions attended

73 ± 35%

During treatment

     

Courneya, 2008 [40]

Breast cancer

n = 160; 49y; 100% female

Three-armed RCT

1) Supervised AET or 2) RET, 3 times a week for the duration of CT (ranging from 12 to 24 weeks)

Percentage of the expected number of sessions attended

Group 1: 72.0 ± 30.1%; Group 2: 68.2 ± 28.4%

Klepin, 2011 [41]

Acute myelogenous leukemia

n = 24; 65.1 ± 7.8y; 62.5% female

Single-group trial

Supervised AET and strength training 3 times a week for 4 weeks

Number of exercise sessions completed

2.7 ± 2.4

Shang, 2012 [42]

Mixed (34% breast cancer)

N = 68; 59.8 ± 10.8y; 39.7% female

Two-armed RCT

Home-based walking intervention 5 times a week for the duration of RT/CT (ranging from 5 to 35 weeks)

Percentage of patients meeting the personalized exercise prescription > 2/3 of the study period

67.7%

Swenson, 2010 [43]

Breast cancer

n = 29; 46.9y (range: 40–54); 100% female

Two-armed RCT

Tools and advise to perform minimal 10,000 steps per day (PA assessed over 12 months)

Percentage of patients meeting the exercise prescription of 10,000 steps per day

74%

After treatment

     

Courneya, 2004 [44]

Colorectal cancer

n = 62; 59.9 ± 10.7y; 45.2% female

Two-armed RCT

Home-based AET 3–5 times a week for 16 weeks

Average min/week of moderate-strenuous AET performed

91.5 ± 148.4 min/week

Courneya, 2004 [45]

Prostate cancer

n = 82; 68.2 ± 7.9y; 0% female

Two-armed RCT

RET at fitness center 3 times a week for 12 weeks

Number of observed exercise session attended

28.2 ± 7.1

Latka, 2009 [46]

Breast cancer

n = 37; 56.5 ± 9.5y; 100% female

Two-armed RCT

Supervised AET 3 times a week and home-based AET 2 times a week for 6 months

Average min/week of moderate-intensity AET performed (prescribed 150 min.)

122.8 ± 52.4 min/week

McGuire, 2011 [47]

Breast cancer

n = 120; 58.7y, 100% female

Two-armed RCT

Home-based strength training for 8 months and strength training in a fitness center for the following 16 months, both 2 times a week

Percentage of the prescribed number of sessions performed

62%

Pinto, 2009 [48]

Breast cancer

n = 43; 53.4 ± 9.1; 100% female

Two-armed RCT

Home-based walking intervention 2–5 days a week for 12 weeks

Percentage of patients meeting the exercise prescription

54-91%

During and after treatment

     

Courneya, 2002 [49]

Mixed (41% breast cancer)

n = 51; 52.5 ± 10.2y; 84.4% female

Two-armed RCT

Home-based AET 3–5 times per week for 10 weeks

Average min/week of moderate-strenuous AET performed

141.1 ± 129.2 min/week

Courneya, 2010 [50]

Lymphoma

n = 60; 52.8y (range: 18–77); 38.3% female

Two-armed RCT

Supervised AET 3 times a week for 12 weeks

Percentage of the expected number of sessions attended

78 ± 30%

Maintenance

      

Courneya, 2004 [51]

Mixed (40% breast cancer)

n = 30; 54.9 ± 8.0y; 77% female

Two-armed RCT

Home-based AET 3–5 times per week for 10 weeks

Average min/week of moderate-strenuous exercise

146.3 ± 143.5 min/week

Courneya, 2009 [52]

Breast cancer

n = 201; 49y; 100% female

Three-armed RCT

1) Supervised AET; 2) RET 3 times a week for the duration of CT (ranging from 12 to 24 weeks) or 3) a delayed 1 month supervised program for usual care patients

Meeting AET and/or RET guidelines

Neither: 42.3%; either: 36.8%; both: 20.9%

Courneya, 2011 [53]

Lymphoma

n = 110; 44 pt <55y and 66 pt ≥55y; 43.6% female

Two-armed RCT

1) Supervised AET 3 times a week for 12 weeks or 2) a delayed 1 month supervised program for usual care

Percentage of patients meeting ACSM guideline

55.5%

Loprinzi, 2012 [54]

Breast cancer

n = 69; 70.6 ± 1.2y; 100% female

Three-armed RCT

1) Supervised AET; 2) supervised RET or 3) supervised stretching and relaxation exercise 3 times a week for 12 months

Activity status based on TTM stages

Sufficiently active: 57%; Insufficiently active: 43%

Rogers, 2011 [55]

Breast cancer

n = 36; 53 ± 9y; 100% female

Two-armed RCT

1) 12 individual supervised exercise sessions, 6 discussion group sessions and 3 individual face-to-face counseling sessions over a 3 month period or 2) information on PA after a cancer diagnosis

Daily minutes of activity of moderate-strenuous activity

Group 1: 174.9 min/day; Group 2: 92 min/day

Vallance, 2010 [56]

Breast cancer

n = 266; 57y (range 36–90); 100% female

Four-armed RCT

Exercise recommendation and 1) nothing, 2) exercise for health book, 3) pedometer or 4)exercise for health book and pedometer

Percentage of patients meeting ACSM guideline

49.2%

  1. ACSM = American College of Sports Medicine; AET = aerobic exercise training; CT = chemotherapy; PA = physical activity; RET = resistance exercise training; RT = radiotherapy; TTM = Transtheoretical Model.