A longitudinal study of children’s outside play using family environment and perceived physical environment as predictors

Table 4 Linear mixed models examining factors related to child outside play development between age five and seven (min/day)

	Adjusted effect* at baseline	Adjusted effect* at 2 years follow-up	p for time interaction
n =1552
Socio-demographics
Child age at baseline	26.17 (19.19 to 33.14)	5.71 (−2.57 to 13.99)	< 0.01
Child ethnic background; Dutch	−3.03 (−18.47 to 12.40)	−1.22 (−18.73 to 16.28)	0.86
Parental ethnic background; Dutch	21.28 (0.56 to 42.00)	8.19 (−15.79 to 32.17)	0.36
Family environment ¹
Parental attitude (agree)	−5.83 (−9.32 to −2.34)	−5.74 (−9.95 to −1.52)	0.97
Family attitude (agree)	−5.07 (−8.67 to −1.47)	−3.59 (−7.88 to 0.70)	0.56
Intention to improve (agree)	−11.33 (−18.01 to −4.66)	−4.34 (−12.15 to 3.46)	0.14
Presence of rules	29.71 (23.89 to 35.54)	23.85 (17.04 to 30.66)	0.15
Modelling siblings (#days physically active)	7.56 (5.76 to 9.36)	3.95 (1.87 to 6.03)	< 0.01

¹For details on the measures used see Additional file 1: Table S1, *Adjusted for season, age at baseline and follow-up. Adjusted effects are not exactly equal to results in Tables 2 and 3 because of differences in included covariates, and model specifications.
Note: numbers printed bold represent statistically significant associations between the predictor and child outside play.

ISSN: 1479-5868