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Table 3 Summary of level of evidence for the intervention strategies used in the included experimental studies a

From: The value of (pre)school playgrounds for children’s physical activity level: a systematic review

PRESCHOOL

PRIMARY SCHOOL

Total

Intervention strategy

Studies that investigated the intervention strategy

Number of studies

Studies that found significant positive effect [n(%)]

Level of evidence

Studies that investigated the intervention strategy

Number of studies

Studies that found significant positive effect [n(%)]

Level of evidence

Level of evidence

Decreased playground density

Van Cauwenberghe, 2012 [42]

1

1 (100)

No evidence

 

0

0 (10)

No evidence

No evidence

Provision of play equipment

Hannon, 2008 [36]

2

1 (100)

Inconclusive

Bundy, 2008 [43]

2

2 (100)

Inconclusive

Moderate

Cardon, 2009 [33]

Verstraete, 2006 [35]

Playground markings

Cardon, 2009 [33]

1

1 (100)

Inconclusive

Stratton, 2000 [31]

2

1 (50)

Inconclusive

Inconclusive

     

Stratton, 2005 [32]

  

Promotion by staff

Brown, 2009 [37, 47]

1

0 (10)

No evidence

 

0

0 (10)

No evidence

No evidence

Increase of recess duration

Holmes, 2006 [38]

1

1 (100)

No evidence

 

0

0 (10)

No evidence

No evidence

Allocating play space for team games

 

0

0 (10)

No evidence

Loucaides, 2009 [34]

1

1 (100)

Inconclusive

Inconclusive

Multicomponent

Brown, 2009 [37, 47]

2

0 (10)

Inconclusive

Huberty, 2011 [39]

7

4 (57)

Moderate

Inconclusive

 

Cardon, 2009 [33]

   

Loucaides, 2009 [34]

  
     

Ridgers, 2007 [28, 29]

  
     

Ridgers, 2007 [28, 29] (Longterm)

  
     

Ridgers, 2010 [30, 49]

  
     

Brink, 2010 [41]

  
     

Colanbianchi, 2009 [40, 46]

  
  1. aLevel of evidence was based on study design, study quality and sample size according to a flow chart of decision-making for level of evidence [16].