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Table 1 Basic characteristics

From: Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in relation to cardiometabolic risk in children: cross-sectional findings from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study

 

All (N = 468)

Girls (N = 225)

Boys (N = 243)

P-value for difference*

Age (years)

7.6 ± 0.4

7.6 ± 0.4

7.7 ± 0.4

0.180

Height (cm)

128.7 ± 5.7

127.6 ± 5.6

129.7 ± 5.5

<0.001

Weight (kg)

26.8 ± 5.7

26.4 ± 5.0

27.1 ± 4.7

0.113

Body mass index

16.1 ± 2.1

16.1 ± 2.2

16.1 ± 2.0

0.767

Body mass index standard deviation scorea

-0.20 ± 1.1

-0.18 ± 1.1

-0.22 ± 1.1

0.662

Waist circumference (cm)

56.6 ± 5.5

55.9 ± 5.8

57.2 ± 5.2

0.008

Body fat percentage (%)

19.6 ± 8.1

22.4 ± 7.6

17.0 ± 7.7

<0.001

Fasting serum insulin (mU/I)

4.5 ± 2.5

4.8 ± 2.3

4.3 ± 2.6

0.003

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)

4.8 ± 0.4

4.8 ± 0.4

4.9 ± 0.4

0.004

Fasting plasma triglycerides (mmol/l)

0.60 ± 0.24

0.62 ± 0.25

0.58 ± 0.23

0.052

Fasting plasma HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.60 ± 0.31

1.57 ± 0.31

1.64 ± 0.32

0.011

Fasting plasma LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

2.36 ± 0.51

2.41 ± 0.53

2.31 ± 0.49

0.022

Fasting plasma VLDL triglycerides (mmol/l)b

0.28 ± 0.20

0.30 ± 0.21

0.27 ± 0.19

0.272

Fasting plasma VLDL cholesterol (mmol/l)b

0.12 ± 0.10

0.13 ± 0.11

0.12 ± 0.10

0.466

Fasting plasma HDL triglycerides (mmol/l)b

0.16 ± 0.04

0.16 ± 0.04

0.15 ± 0.03

0.389

Fasting plasma total cholesterol (mmol/l)

4.27 ± 0.62

4.31 ± 0.63

4.23 ± 0.61

0.149

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

100.1 ± 7.3

99.8 ± 7.6

100.4 ± 7.1

0.418

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

61.7 ± 6.6

61.5 ± 6.8

61.8 ± 6.5

0.629

Cardiometabolic risk score

-0.03 ± 3.51

0.02 ± 3.42

-0.08 ± 3.60

0.740

Total physical activity (min/d)c

111.4 ± 42

104.3 ± 39.1

117.9 ± 43.7

<0.001

 Unstructured physical activity (min/d)

49.7 ± 31.5

44.6 ± 30.8

54.4 ± 31.4

0.001

 Structured exercise (min/d)d

6.4 ± 11.3

5.0 ± 7.3

7.7 ± 13.9

0.009

 Organised sports (min/d)

8.4 ± 11.8

7.5 ± 11.3

9.2 ± 12.2

0.120

 Commuting to and from school (min/d)

18 ± 16.3

18.8 ± 16.8

17.3 ± 15.8

0.320

 Physical activity during recess (min/d)d

16 ± 4.2

15.5 ± 4.1

16.5 ± 4.3

0.016

Total sedentary behaviour (min/d)

212.3 ± 99.7

220.5 ± 97.5

204.7 ± 101.3

0.087

 Electronic media time (min/d)d

101.9 ± 52.4

89.5 ± 46.3

113.2 ± 55

<0.001

  Watching television and videos (min/d)d

67.7 ± 33.2

68.2 ± 33.9

67.3 ± 32.6

0.754

  Using a computer and playing video games (min/d)

30.9 ± 31.1

19.2 ± 22.3

41.8 ± 34.0

<0.001

  Using a mobile phone and playing mobile games (min/d)

3.2 ± 8.8

2.1 ± 5.9

4.2 ± 10.8

0.012

 Listening to music (min/d)

12.9 ± 21.0

15.7 ± 23.2

10.2 ± 18.5

0.005

 Playing a musical instrument (min/d)

3.1 ± 10.0

4.2 ± 11.5

2.1 ± 8.3

0.026

 Reading (min/d)d

23.4 ± 23.2

25.1 ± 21.8

21.9 ± 24.4

0.145

 Writing (min/d)

6.7 ± 12.3

9.7 ± 13.9

3.9 ± 9.9

<0.001

 Drawing (min/d)

25.5 ± 25.2

33.4 ± 27.0

18.1 ± 20.9

<0.001

 Doing arts and crafts (min/d)

13.5 ± 20.2

19.5 ± 21.6

8.0 ± 17.1

<0.001

 Playing board games (min/d)

15.1 ± 18.3

14.5 ± 16.5

15.6 ± 19.8

0.524

 Resting (min/d)e

10.6 ± 25.6

9.4 ± 24.9

11.6 ± 26.1

0.366

Maximal work load during exercise test (W/kg of body lean mass)f

3.7 ± 0.52

3.6 ± 0.50

3.8 ± 0.50

<0.001

Maximal work load during exercise test (W/kg of total body mass)f

2.9 ± 0.54

2.7 ± 0.46

3.1 ± 0.53

<0.001

  1. Basic characteristics in girls and boys are presented as means and standard deviations. P-values <0.05 are bolded.
  2. *Differences in means between girls and boys were analysed with independent samples t-test, aBased on Finnish reference values, bAll N = 388, Girls N = 178, Boys N = 210, cIncludes 90 minutes of physical activity during physical education per week, dN = 467, eN = 464, fN = 465.