Skip to main content

Table 3 10-year longitudinal personal, behavioral, and socio-environmental predictors of incidence of overweight status by gender

From: Personal, behavioral and socio-environmental predictors of overweight incidence in young adults: 10-yr longitudinal findings

 

Females

Males

 

Incidence of overweight (N = 887)*

Incidence of overweight (N = 756)*

Variable

Time 1 Predictor [OR (95% CI)] †

10-year Changes in Predictor [OR (95% CI)] ‡

Time 1 Predictor [OR (95% CI)] †

10-year Changes in Predictor [OR (95% CI)] ‡

Personal Factors

    

 Body satisfaction

0.96 (0.95, 0.98) §

0.90 (0.88, 0.92)

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

0.94 (0.92, 0.96)

 Depressive symptoms

1.00 (0.97, 1.04)

1.05 (1.02, 1.09)

1.02 (0.98, 1.05)

1.01 (0.98, 1.05)

 Weight concerns

1.45 (1.23, 1.71)

2.69 (2.15, 3.35)

1.49 (1.22, 1.82)

3.33 (2.69, 4.11)

Behavioral Factors

    

 Eating Behaviors

    

  Energy Intake (kcal)^

0.91 (0.76, 1.09)

0.98 (0.80,1.20)

1.26 (0.98, 1.30)

0.99 (0.82,1.21)

  Fruits servings (servings/d)¶

0.98 (0.87, 1.10)

0.98 (0.89, 1.09)

1.03 (0.92, 1.17)

1.04 (0.91, 1.18)

  Vegetable servings (serving/d)¶

1.03 (0.90, 1.18)

1.03 (0.94, 1.12)

1.12 (0.97, 1.29)

0.88 (0.78, 0.99)

  Whole grain intake (servings/d)¶

0.71 (0.54, 0.93)

0.93 (0.82, 1.07)

0.96 (0.78, 1.19)

1.01 (0.92, 1.12)

  Sugar-sweetened beverages (serving/d)¶

1.14 (0.95, 1.38)

1.09 (0.93, 1.27)

1.09 (0.91, 1.31)

1.06 (0.94, 1.21)

  Fast food (times/week)

0.95 (0.87, 1.04)

1.15 (1.04, 1.27)

1.02 (0.93, 1.12)

1.02 (0.95, 1.10)

  Breakfast (times/week)

0.91 (0.86, 0.97)

0.97 (0.91, 1.04)

0.95 (0.90, 1.01)

1.02 (0.95, 1.09)

  Lunch (times/week)

0.94 (0.87, 1.01)

1.00 (0.92, 1.09)

0.99 (0.91, 1.07)

1.13 (1.03, 1.23)

  Dinner (times/week)

0.88 (0.81, 0.95)

0.94 (0.84, 1.05)

1.02 (0.90, 1.16)

1.14 (1.00, 1.29)

 Weight Control Behaviors (WCBs)

    

  Unhealthy WCBs (yes/no)

1.76 (1.29, 2.41)

2.12 (1.54, 2.91)

1.32 (0.92, 1.89)

3.28 (2.26, 4.78)

  Extreme WCBs (yes/no)

0.93 (0.55, 1.56)

2.02 (1.39, 2.95)

0.56 (0.20, 1.56)

2.94 (1.37, 6.31)

  Dieting (yes/no)

1.29 (0.95, 1.74)

3.01 (2.17, 4.17)

2.01(1.31,3.08)

3.25 (2.24, 4.72)

 Binge eating (yes/no)

1.31 (0.78, 2.20)

2.27 (1.48, 3.49)

4.02 (1.11, 14.6)

2.84 (1.32, 6.09)

 Physical Activity

    

  Moderate and vigorous (hrs/wk)

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

0.95 (0.91, 0.99)

1.03 (0.99, 1.06)

0.96 (0.92, 1.00)

  Sedentary behaviors (hrs/wk)

1.01 (1.00, 1.01)

1.01 (1.00, 1.01)

0.99 (0.99, 1.00)

1.00 (1.00,1.01)

Socio-environmental Factors

    

 Home availability of healthful foods

0.97 (0.89, 1.05)

0.97 (0.89, 1.05)

1.05 (0.96, 1.14)

1.03 (0.95, 1.12)

 Home availability of high-caloric snack foods

0.99 (0.94, 1.04)

1.05 (0.99, 1.11)

1.02 (0.96, 1.09)

1.05 (0.99, 1.11)

 Parental weight-related concerns and behaviorsA

1.12 (1.06, 1.18)

---

1.10 (1.04, 1.16)

---

 Weight-related teasing (yes/no)

1.66 (1.21, 2.27)

2.43 (1.75, 3.36)

0.78 (0.55, 1.12)

1.67 (1.20, 2.32)

 Peer dieting behaviors (yes/no)

1.01 (0.69, 1.46)

1.39 (0.82, 2.35)

1.50 (1.05, 2.13)

2.29 (1.54, 3.40)

 Perceived parental overweight (yes/no)A

1.41 (1.01, 1.98)

---

1.21 (0.88, 1.67)

---

  1. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
  2. *Analysis restricted to non-overweight participants at Time 1 (BMI percentile ≤85th).
  3. †Adjusted for age, socioeconomic status (SES), and race/ethnicity.
  4. ‡Adjusted for age, socioeconomic status (SES), and race/ethnicity and Time 1 predictor variable.
  5. §Boldface indicates significance at p < 0.05 level.
  6. ^Calories scaled by a 1,000 for ease of interpretation.
  7. ¶Additionally adjusted for energy intake.
  8. AVariables were not assessed at Time 3 so change differences were not determined.
Back to article page

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

Contact us