Table 2 Non-overweight adolescents: Baseline (Time 1) and changes in personal, behavioral, and socio-environmental factors
|  |  | Females (N = 887) | Males (N = 756) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Possible scale ranges | Variables at Time 1 | Change in variables (Time 1 to Time 3) | Variables at Time 1 | Change in variables (Time 1 to Time 3) |
|  | Mean ± SD or % | Change in Mean or % (95% CI) | Mean ± SD or % | Change in Mean or % (95% CI) | |
Personal Factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Body satisfaction | 10-50 | 33.7 ± 8.7 | −2.99 (−3.69, -2.30)* | 38.2 ± 8.1 | −2.12 (−2.87, -1.36)* |
 Depressive symptoms | 10-30 | 18.4 ± 4.4 | 0.52 (0.13, 0.91) | 16.1 ± 4.3 | 1.23 (0.82, 1.64) |
 Weight concerns | 4-8 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 0.33 (0.26, 0.40) | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 0.28 (0.20, 0.36) |
Behavioral Factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Eating Behaviors |  |  |  |  |  |
  Energy Intake (kcal) | -- | 1941.4 ± 834.8 | 104 (31.1, 177) | 2271.1 ± 1127.1 | 1.20 (−103, 105) |
  Fruits servings (servings/d) | -- | 2.2 ± 1.7 | −0.02 (−0.18, 0.14) | 2.2 ± 1.6 | −0.34 (−0.50, -0.18) |
  Vegetable servings (serving/d) | -- | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.31 (1.15, 1.48) | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.15) |
  Whole grain intake (servings/d) | -- | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 1.11 (1.01, 1.22) | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.94 (0.78, 1.10) |
  Sugar-sweetened beverages (serving/d) | -- | 1.0 ± 0.9 | −0.30 (−0.39, -0.22) | 1.3 ± 0.9 | −0.18 (−0.30, -0.05) |
  Fast food (times/week) | -- | 1.6 ± 1.6 | −0.31 (−0.44, -0.18) | 1.8 ± 1.6 | 0.27 (0.09, 0.45) |
  Breakfast (times/week) | -- | 3.7 ± 2.5 | 0.62 (0.42, 0.82) | 4.3 ± 2.6 | −0.76 (−1.00, -0.53) |
  Lunch (times/week) | -- | 5.3 ± 2.0 | 0.32 (0.16, 0.48) | 6.0 ± 1.8 | −0.38 (−0.54, -0.21) |
  Dinner (times/week) | -- | 5.9 ± 1.7 | 0.40 (0.26, 0.53) | 6.4 ± 1.2 | −0.07 (−0.19, 0.05) |
 Weight Control Behaviors (WCBs) |  |  |  |  |  |
  Any Unhealthy WCBs (% yes) | -- | 51.5 | 1.53 (−2.55, 5.61) | 26.0 | −0.29 (−4.33, 3.76) |
  Extreme WCBs (% yes) | -- | 9.5 | 8.42 (5.40, 11.4) | 2.4 | 2.54 (0.71, 4.37) |
  Any Dieting (% yes) | -- | 49.1 | 5.84 (1.72, 9.97) | 15.7 | 9.53 (5.79, 13.3) |
 Binge eating (% yes) | -- | 8.6 | 4.60 (1.85, 7.34) | 2.4 | 2.69 (0.87, 4.52) |
 Physical Activity |  |  |  |  |  |
  Moderate and vigorous (hrs/wk) | 0-16 | 5.9 ± 4.4 | −2.33 (−2.68, -1.98) | 7.6 ± 4.6 | −2.62 (−3.04, -2.01) |
  Sedentary behaviors (hrs/wk) | 0-105†| 39.7 ± 17.3 | −8.55 (−10.1, -6.96) | 43.5 ± 21.4 | −0.68 (−3.00, 1.62) |
Socio-Environmental Factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Home availability of healthful foods | 3-12 | 9.7 ± 1.8 | −0.67 (−0.82, -0.52) | 9.6 ± 1.8 | −0.79 (−0.96, -0.61) |
 Home availability of high-caloric snack foods | 4-16 | 11.0 ± 2.8 | −1.13 (−1.35, -0.90) | 11.1 ± 2.6 | −0.77 (−1.01, -0.52) |
 Parental weight-related concerns and behaviorsA | 4-16 | 6.5 ± 2.6 | --- | 6.7 ± 2.8 | --- |
 Weight-related teasing (% yes) | -- | 39.1 | 0.22 (−3.88, 4.32) | 26.4 | 10.4 (5.98, 14.8) |
 Peer dieting behaviors (% yes) | -- | 72.9 | 13.8 (10.2, 17.5) | 39.3 | 26.4 (21.0, 31.7) |
 Perceived parental overweight (% yes)A | -- | 41.5 | --- | 44.9 | --- |