From: Do interventions to promote walking in groups increase physical activity? A meta-analysis
Studies by author and date order | Group characteristics | Setting | Design | Delivered mode | Duration and timing of walking in groups intervention | Assessment of physical activity | Measurements | Gender | Targeted age | Delivered by |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Postmenopausal women (n = 229) Mean age: 57.5 | Community | RCT | Training sessions Newsletter | Twice per week with goal to reach 60 minutes per session, for 8 weeks | Pedometers Paffenbarger questionnaire (blocks walked)* Monthly log sheets Multiple item scale | Baseline 1 year 2 years | Only women | Middle age adults | Lay people | |
[37] McAuley et al. 1994 | Adults (n = 228) Mean age: 54.52 | Community | RCT | Training sessions | Three times per week starting with 10-15 min and progressing to 40 min, for 5 months. | Diaries | Baseline 5 months | Both genders | Middle age adults | Experts with the research area and the population |
[57] McAuley et al. 2003 | ||||||||||
[38] Rogers 1997 | African American women (n = 35) Mean age: 51.6 | Community | Non-RCTs | Training session Discussion groups | Once per week for 60 to 90 minutes, for 5 weeks | 7-days recall physical activity questionnaire developed by Steinhardt and Dishman (1989 modified by Blair 1984) * Walking calendars | Baseline 5 weeks 7 weeks | Only women | Middle age adults | Researcher |
[39] Sullivan et al. 1998 | Older adults with chronic diseases (n = 52) Mean age: 71.2 | Hospital | RCT | Discussion group Self help manual for participants | Three times per week for approximately 90 minutes, for 8 weeks | AIMS physical activity subscale* Diaries Self report questions | Baseline 8 weeks 1 year | Both genders | Older adults | Researcher |
[40] Resnick 2002 | Older adults (n = 34) Mean age:88 | Retirement community | RCT | One-to-one visit | Three times per week for 20 minutes, for 6 months. | YPAS (interviewed administered questionnaire) Diaries * | Baseline, 2 months 6 months | Only women | Older adults | Experts with the research area and the population |
[41] Coull et al. 2004 | Older adults with ischemic heart disease (n = 289) Mean age: 67.5 | Hospital | RCT | Training sessions | Once per month for approx 2 hour, for 1 year | Questions about previous week’s physical activity | Baseline 1 year | Both genders | Older adults | Lay volunteers |
[13] Fisher et al. 2004, [58] Fisher et al. 2004a, [59] Fisher et al. 2002, [60] Michael et al. 2009, [61] Rowland et al. 2004 | Older adults (n = 527) Mean age: 74.5 | Community (Neighbourhood) | RCT | Training sessions (for leaders) Discussion group Self help manual Monthly newsletter | Three times per week for approximately 1 hour, for 6 months | Multiple item scale (3 items measuring the frequency of neighbourhood walking activity) | Baseline 3 months 6 months | Both genders | Older adults | Lay people |
Adults (n = 575) Mean age: 54.6 | Community | Pre post study | Newsletter for walkers Training session for walk leaders Guide for walk leaders Walking kit | Two to three times per week for 12 months (duration of sessions not given) | Multiple item scale (duration and frequency of physical activity) | Baseline 12 months | Both genders | Middle age adults | Lay volunteers | |
[43] Staten et al. 2005 | Adults at risk for chronic diseases (n = 432) Mean age: 52.7 | Community | Pre post study | Self help manuals for walk leaders Training session on preventing chronic diseases | Three times per week for 1 year (duration of sessions not given) | MLPAQ | Baseline 12 weeks | Both genders | Middle age adults | Lay people |
[44] Banks-Wallace et al. 2007 | African American women at risk for CVD (n = 36) Mean age: 50.3 | Community (Neighbourhood) | Pre post study | Discussion groups Self help manuals (Stanford Walking Kit) | Twice per week for 1 year (duration of sessions not given) | Pedometers * CAPSPAQ Diaries/ walking calendars | Baseline 12 months 18 months | Only women | Middle age adults | Researcher/ professional story teller |
[62] Banks-Wallace et al. 2005 | ||||||||||
[45] Hogue 2007 | African American women (n = 46) Mean age: 46 | Community (Church) | Non-RCTs | education meetings- sessions educational material remind calls | Daily for 10 weeks | Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA I & RAPA II) Pedometer Six minute walk test Physical Activity Minutes Log Sheet * Buddy Support Log: minutes spent exercising with buddy | Baseline 10 weeks | Only women | Middle age adults | Research assistant (faculty members and graduate students) – did not participated as subjects |
[46] Estabrooks et al. 2008 | Adults (n = 380) Mean age: 46 | Community | Non-RCTs | Not stated | 8 weeks intervention | Two questions, which assesses moderate physical activity* Survey (centre for disease and prevention behavioral risk factor surveillance survey) | Baseline to 8 weeks, Baseline to 6 months 8 weeks to 6 months | Both genders | Middle age adults | Ncl |
[63] Burke et al. 2010, | ||||||||||
[47] Jancey et al. 2008; [64] Jancey et al. 2008a, [65] Jancey et al. 2006, [66] Jancey et al. 2007, [67] Jancey et al. 2011 | Older adults (n = 573) Mean age: 69.2 | Community (Neighbourhood) | Non-RCTs | Training sessions Self help manuals | Twice per week started with 10 minutes and built up to 45 min and gradually increase intensity, for 6 months | IPAQ1 | Baseline 3 months 6 months | Both genders | Older adults | Lay volunteers |
[48] Krieger et al. 2009 | Adults (n = 106) Mean age: ncl | Community | Pre – post study | Walk kit from California centre of physical activity | Five times per week for 1 hour (which varied depending on walker’s capacity) | Behavioural risk factor surveillance system questionnaire | Both genders | Middle age adults | Lay people2 | |
[49] Zoellner et al. 2010 | Adults (n = 112) Mean age: 44 | Community | Non-RCTs | Training sessions Manual | Once per month for approx 90 min education session and walk throughout the week | Face-to-face administered questionnaire including past week physical activity recall Pedometer * | Baseline 3 months 6 months | Both genders | Middle age adults | Lay volunteers |
[68] Zoellner et al. 2007 | ||||||||||
[69] Zollenner et al. 2009 | ||||||||||
[70] Zoellner et al. 2011 | ||||||||||
[71] Powers 2007 | ||||||||||
[50] Takeda 2011 | Adults (n = 47) Mean age: 59.7 | Community | Non-RCTs | Group instruction classes- lectures Newsletters | 140 minutes sessions for 8 weeks (number of sessions not specified) | Pedometer with an accelerometer | Baseline 2 months 6 months | Both genders | Middle age adults | Staff |
[51] Lee 2012 | African American and Hispanic or Latina women (n = 322) Mean age: 45.7 | Community | RCT | Sessions | 6 sessions for a period of 6 months with the goal to gradually increase walking to recommended guidelines | IPAQ Accelerometer protocol * | Baseline 6 months | Only women | Middle age adults | Trained graduate students in psychology, public health or education |
[52] Maki 2012 | Older adults at risk of mental decline (n = 150) Mean age: 72 | Community | RCT | Group meetings | Once a week for 90 minutes for 3 months. | Pedometer | Baseline 3 months | Both genders | Older adults | Registered physical trainers or health nurses |
[53] Thomas 2012 | Older adults (n = 399) Mean age: 72 | Community centre for older people | RCT | Group-based, face-to-face counselling and advice Monthly telephone calls about 15 min | Once per month for 12 months with goal to reach 30 minutes three to five days per week | IPAQ * Pedometer | Baseline 6 months 12 months | Both genders | Older adults | Staff |